{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:04:47Z","timestamp":1789167887076,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taif University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["TURSP-2020\/197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/197"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Glycyrrhiza glabra root (licorice) is a widely used herb for its beneficial effects on health. This study explored the protective effects of licorice extract against oxidative stress and testicular dysfunction caused by methotrexate (MTX). Mice were allocated into (i) negative control group that received saline; (ii) licorice extract group, orally administered with 200 mg\/kg body weight (bw) licorice extract for 12 days; (iii) positive MTX-intoxicated group, injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of MTX (20 mg\/kg bw) on day 7; and (iv) a protective group that received licorice extract for 12 days and then MTX on day 7 as in groups 2 and 3. Total proteins, albumin, globulins, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, IL-1, and IL-6 were measured in blood and testis samples collected from all groups. Testicular oxidative stress, serum reproductive hormones, and spermogram were examined. The expression of steroidogenesis-associated genes (translocator protein; and P450scc) was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Bcl-2-associated X protein and cyclogenase-2 genes were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. The bioactive contents of licorice extract were confirmed by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry analysis. Pretreatment with licorice extract ameliorated the toxic effects of MTX on total proteins, albumin, and globulins and oxidative stress biomarkers and reversed the effect of MTX on examined serum and tissue antioxidants. Besides, MTX down-regulated mRNA expression of translocator protein and P450scc genes. Licorice extract averted the decrease in serum testosterone and the increase in IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6 levels induced by MTX. Moreover, MTX increased sperm abnormalities and percentage of dead sperms and reduced sperm motility. These changes were absent in the licorice preadministered group. Licorice prevented the increase in immunoreactivity of testis for Bcl-2-associated X protein and cyclogenase-2 that were overexpressed in MTX-injected mice. Licorice extracts positively regulated the expression of steroidogenesis genes suppressed by MTX, increased antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and catalase) and reduced biomarker of oxidative stress (testicular malondialdehyde) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and -6). Moreover, reduction in testicular tissue immunoreactivity to Bcl-2-associated X protein and cyclogenase-2. In conclusion, licorice extract mitigated the toxic effects of MTX-induced testicular dysfunction at biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfab049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T15:15:38Z","timestamp":1620746138000},"page":"677-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The modulatory impacts of\n                    <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra<\/i>\n                    extract against methotrexate-induced testicular dysfunction and oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Adil","family":"Aldhahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, 21995, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Mohamed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, 21995, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayez","family":"Althobaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, 21995, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Alkhedaide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, 21995, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Abdo","family":"Nassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa Abdou","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gehan B A","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alshaimaa Mohammed","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38022","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16723","article-title":"Combination therapy in combating cancer","volume":"8","author":"Mokhtari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.175","article-title":"Mechanism of action of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis, and the search for biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859383","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/859383","article-title":"Mechanisms of thymoquinone hepatorenal protection in methotrexate-induced toxicity in rats","volume":"2015","author":"El-Sheikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13350","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13350","article-title":"Protocatechuic acid inhibits testicular and epididymal toxicity associated with methotrexate in rats","volume":"51","author":"Owumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4372719","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4372719","article-title":"Vitamin B17 ameliorates methotrexate-induced reproductive toxicity, oxidative stress, and testicular injury in male rats","volume":"2020","author":"Felemban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13145","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13145","article-title":"Effect of chrysin on methotrexate-induced testicular damage in rats","volume":"51","author":"Belhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref7","first-page":"5511","article-title":"Protective effects of carvacrol against methotrexate-induced testicular toxicity in rats","volume":"7","author":"Daggulli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.05.003","article-title":"Protective role of lycopene on cisplatin-induced changes in sperm characteristics, testicular damage and oxidative stress in rats","volume":"21","author":"Ate\u015f\u015fahin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2008.00897.x","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone on testicular dysfunction induced by methotrexate in rats","volume":"41","author":"Nouri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201102095","article-title":"Signal transduction by reactive oxygen species","volume":"194","author":"Finkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/10408690490468489","article-title":"Antioxidants and prevention of chronic disease","volume":"44","author":"Willcox","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.120043","article-title":"Recent advances and prospects in gemcitabine drug delivery systems","volume":"592","author":"Paroha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914nc391_1","article-title":"Licorice and cancer","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b20-00038","article-title":"Glabridin alleviates inflammation and nociception in rodents by activating BKCa channels and reducing NO levels","volume":"43","author":"Parlar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref15","first-page":"082","article-title":"Herbal medicine in ancient Egypt","volume":"4","author":"Aboelsoud","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Plant Res"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)01864-7","article-title":"Anti-Helicobacter pylori flavonoids from licorice extract","volume":"71","author":"Fukai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(97)00251-7","article-title":"The antioxidative effects of the isoflavan glabridin on endogenous constituents of LDL during its oxidation","volume":"137","author":"Belinky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(03)00164-3","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of antinephritis and radical scavenging activities of glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra","volume":"74","author":"Fukai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.01.010","article-title":"Cytoprotective effects of Glycyrrhizae radix extract and its active component liquiritigenin against cadmium-induced toxicity (effects on bad translocation and cytochrome c-mediated PARP cleavage)","volume":"197","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref20","first-page":"58","article-title":"Protective effect of Pongamia pinnata flowers against cisplatin and gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"41","author":"Shirwaikar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.57.11","article-title":"Licorice extract does not impair the male reproductive function of rats","volume":"57","author":"Shin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Anim"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-015-9966-z","article-title":"Promoting effect of licorice extract on spermatogonial proliferation and spermatocytes differentiation of neonatal mice in vitro","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2478\/enr-2020-0004","article-title":"Possible ameliorating effects of Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) on the sperm parameters in rats under high fat diet","volume":"54","author":"Ghorbanlou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Regul"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2018.01144","article-title":"An update on Chinese herbal medicines as adjuvant treatment of anticancer therapeutics","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref25","first-page":"6","article-title":"Herbal induced hepatoprotection and hepatotoxicity: a critical review","volume":"60","author":"Bedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2005.05.005","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of Moringa oleifera on arsenic-induced toxicity in rats","volume":"20","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3369","article-title":"A licorice ethanolic extract with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand-binding activity affects diabetes in KK-Ay mice, abdominal obesity in diet-induced obese C57BL mice and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"133","author":"Mae","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2011.11.006","article-title":"Protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits","volume":"65","author":"Ou\u00e9draogo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.04.009","article-title":"Methotrexate hepatotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, and down-regulation of PPAR\u03b3 and Nrf2: protective effect of 18\u03b2-glycyrrhetinic acid","volume":"270","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2011.07.002","article-title":"Protective and therapeutic effects of licorice in rats with acute tubular necrosis","volume":"22","author":"Aksoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327116637414","article-title":"Effects of quercetin on methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"36","author":"Yuksel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3281670","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3281670","article-title":"Diosmin attenuates methotrexate-induced hepatic, renal, and cardiac injury: a biochemical and histopathological study in mice","volume":"2017","author":"Abdel-Daim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref33","first-page":"685","article-title":"Quality specifications and allowable standards for validation of methods used in clinical biochemistry","volume":"57","author":"Vassault","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Biol Clin (Paris)"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/21.13.1935","article-title":"Accurate estimation of standard deviations for quantitative methods used in clinical chemistry","volume":"21","author":"Burnett","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13017","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13017","article-title":"Protective effects of sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) extract on testicular dysfunction induced by immune suppressant drugs in Wistar rats","volume":"50","author":"Saad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2016.08.012","article-title":"Overexpression of catalase in mice reduces age-related oxidative stress and maintains sperm production","volume":"84","author":"Selvaratnam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(72)80218-3","article-title":"The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen","volume":"46","author":"Nishikimi","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.044","article-title":"Evaluating the protective effects of melatonin on di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular injury in adult mice","volume":"108","author":"Bahrami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.11.078","article-title":"The protective effects of alpha lipoic acid on methotrexate induced testis injury in rats","volume":"97","author":"P\u0131nar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref41","first-page":"1281","article-title":"The effects of casticin and myricetin on liver damage induced by methotrexate in rats","volume":"21","author":"Eki Nci-Akdemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.01.010","article-title":"Spirulina ameliorates methotrexate hepatotoxicity via antioxidant, immune stimulation, and proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic proteins modulation","volume":"196","author":"Khafaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-006-9196-5","article-title":"The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the level of malondialdehyde in cerebellum of rats subjected to methotrexate: protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester","volume":"291","author":"Uzar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7441","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27053","article-title":"Uroprotective mechanism of quercetin against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity: effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers","volume":"119","author":"Sherif","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/489659","article-title":"Effects of resveratrol on methotrexate-induced testicular damage in rats","volume-title":"Sci World J","author":"Yulu\u011f","year":"2013"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2014.12.002","article-title":"Effects of resveratrol on doxorubicin induced testicular damage in rats","volume":"67","author":"T\u00fcredi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12177","article-title":"Binding domain-driven intracellular trafficking of sterols for synthesis of steroid hormones, bile acids and oxysterols","volume":"15","author":"Midzak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.03.014","article-title":"Translocator protein-mediated pharmacology of cholesterol transport and steroidogenesis","volume":"408","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.04.014","article-title":"Steroid hormone synthesis in mitochondria","volume":"379","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2012.05.002","article-title":"Role of mitochondria in steroidogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0013","article-title":"The molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology of human steroidogenesis and its disorders","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.09.088","article-title":"Two activators of in vitro fertilization in mice from licorice","volume":"467","author":"Tung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.01.039","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 in testes of infertile men: evidence for the induction of prostaglandin synthesis by interleukin-1\u03b2","volume":"94","author":"Matzkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207449","article-title":"Prostaglandins and inflammation","volume":"31","author":"Ricciotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2021083006110699400_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3743","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO00653A","article-title":"Honey protects against cisplatin-induced hepatic and renal toxicity through inhibition of NF-\u03baB-mediated COX-2 expression and the oxidative stress dependent BAX\/Bcl-2\/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway","volume":"9","author":"Neamatallah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct"}],"container-title":["Toxicology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxres\/article-pdf\/10\/4\/677\/40080924\/tfab049.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxres\/article-pdf\/10\/4\/677\/40080924\/tfab049.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T02:11:45Z","timestamp":1630289505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxres\/article\/10\/4\/677\/6294152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfab049","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-4538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-4538","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]}}}