{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T02:04:00Z","timestamp":1761789840955},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcoholism has been linked to problems with male reproductive function. The combined effects of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco were compared in this study. A total of 35 rats were assigned randomly into seven groups A\u2013G: animals in A were administered distilled water. Animals in B\u2013G were either administered alcohol orally (30\u00a0ml 40% alcohol) or exposed to smoke from ignited tobacco (exposure to smoke from 0.7\u00a0g tobacco for 5\u2009min) or cannabis (exposure to smoke from 0.7\u00a0g tobacco and cannabis for 5\u2009min): B (orally administered alcohol), C (exposed to the smoke from tobacco), D (exposed to smoke from cannabis), E (treated with alcohol and exposed to smoke from tobacco), F (treated with alcohol and exposed to smoke from cannabis), G (treated with alcohol and exposed to smokes from tobacco and cannabis). Assays were carried on the testicular homogenate after a 14-day treatment. There was a significant increase in activity of alkaline phosphatase (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05), concentrations of cholesterol, glutathione reductase, and malondialdehyde in treated rats by the co-administration of alcohol with cannabis and tobacco compared with the control group. The combined treatment also caused degeneration and morphological distortions of testicular cells. The biochemical and histoarchitectural change was due to oxidative damage attributable to the synergistic effects. The high binding energy of tetrahydrocannabinol ligand to prostate acid phosphatase may be a prediction that the ligand can have an inhibitory effect on the function of enzymes in the prostate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfab060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T03:27:00Z","timestamp":1623122820000},"page":"761-770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparative effects of combined use of alcohol with cannabis and tobacco on testicular function in rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Charles Obiora","family":"Nwonuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-aran 370102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osarenkhoe Omorefosa","family":"Osemwegie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-aran, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emenike Onyebum","family":"Irokanulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-aran, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omokolade Oluwaseyi","family":"Alejolowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-aran 370102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omowumi Titilola","family":"Kayode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-aran 370102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomilola Debby","family":"Olaolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-aran 370102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adakole Sylvanus","family":"Ada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damilare Emmanuel","family":"Rotimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-aran 370102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roltdelmwa Filibus","family":"Maimako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-aran 370102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeyinka Samuel","family":"Adedayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-aran 370102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oluwafemi Adeleke","family":"Ojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-aran 370102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021083006011127500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00053.2003","article-title":"Developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome: prediction, plasticity, and programming","volume":"2","author":"McMillen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2021083006011127500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12905","article-title":"Genetic abnormalities leading to qualitative defects of sperm morphology or function","volume":"2","author":"Ray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"2021083006011127500_ref3","first-page":"199","article-title":"Nicotine-induced damages in testicular tissue of rats; 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