{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T14:07:10Z","timestamp":1776521230535,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F.N.5\/9\/1318\/2020-Nut"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F.N.5\/9\/1318\/2020-Nut"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Zearalenone (ZEA), a natural food contaminant, is reported to act as a mycoestrogen due to its estrogen-mimicking properties. According to studies, ZEA has a greater potential for estrogenic activity compared to any other naturally occurring non-steroidal estrogen. ZEA has been found in the endometrium of individuals with reproductive problems and the serum of children facing early puberty. These studies suggested a possible link between ZEA exposure and endometrial toxicity; nonetheless, no thorough research has been done. This study assessed the endometrium\u2019s response to chronic ZEA exposure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four groups of CD-1 female mice were exposed to control, estradiol (E2), and two different doses of ZEA for 90 days. At the end of treatment, blood and uterus were collected, and samples were used for inflammatory cytokines level, immunochemical, histopathological, and biophysical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data indicated that the uterus showed a change in body\/organ weight ratio, while other organs did not have any notable changes. Immunochemical and histological studies showed hyperplasia and a higher number of glands in the endometrium after ZEA and E2 exposure. Similarly, proliferation markers such as proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and interferon-gamma (IFN-?) levels were found to be higher in the E2 and ZEA-exposed groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our finding conclude that ZEA targets the uterus and cause inflammation due to increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and proliferation mediators, as well as systemic toxicity denoted by a strong binding affinity with serum proteins.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfae055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T02:07:55Z","timestamp":1713578875000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chronic exposure to Zearalenone leads to endometrial hyperplasia in CD-1 mice by altering the inflammatory markers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Varsha","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh , India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar , Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Payal","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shweta Singh","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar , Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh , India"},{"name":"Computational Toxicology Facility, Toxicoinformatics and Industrial Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishrat Jahan","family":"Saifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh , India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar , Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh , India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Marhaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , 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