{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:08:13Z","timestamp":1787069293893,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupter affecting glucose homeostasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate BPA\u2019s relationship with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in Dakahlia Governorate\u2019s children, in Egypt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects, materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study had two parts: clinical and experimental. Clinical Study was conducted on 200 children, equally divided into control and T1DM groups. They underwent: demographic data, height, weight, body mass index, glycosylated HbA1C, random blood glucose, and urinary BPA measurements. Experimental Study was conducted on 60 adult albino rats. Rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: control group: received 0.5\u00a0mL of pure olive oil, group 1: received 20\u00a0mg\/kg\/day BPA, and group 2: received 100\u00a0mg\/kg\/day BPA orally for 6\u00a0weeks. Fasting and two hours postprandial glucose levels were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Histopathological examination and imaging study of the pancreas were done.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In clinical study: HbA1C and random blood glucose levels in diabetic children showed a significant increase compared to control. Children in control group showed controlled HbA1C, while the T1DM group showed 86% with poor diabetic control. There was a significant increase in BPA level in the T1DM group compared to the control. Rats that received BPA showed a marked increase in fasting and two hours postprandial glucose levels, histopathological changes in the pancreas with more changes determined in the high dose group, and a significant decrease in the islets of Langerhans diameters with group 2 more affected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>So, BPA exposure could be considered a risk factor for T1DM in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfae093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T18:09:25Z","timestamp":1718129365000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The potential Association of Bisphenol A exposure and type 1 diabetes mellitus among Dakahlia Governorate\u2019s children sample, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3427-2886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basma Ahmed Ali","family":"El-Degwi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department , Faculty of Medicine, , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt"},{"name":"Mansoura University El Gomhouria Street , Faculty of Medicine, , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4953-6688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud El-Sayed","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department , Faculty of Medicine, , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt"},{"name":"Mansoura University El Gomhouria Street , Faculty of Medicine, , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2807-2412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wafaa","family":"Laimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit , Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, , El Gomhouria Sreet, Mansoura 35516 , Egypt"},{"name":"Mansoura University, Mansoura University Children's Hospital , Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, , El Gomhouria Sreet, Mansoura 35516 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2932-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar A","family":"Askar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology Department , Faculty of Medicine, , El Gomhouria Street, Mansoura , Egypt"},{"name":"Mansoura University , Faculty of Medicine, , El Gomhouria Street, Mansoura , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4129-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doaa Abdel Wahab","family":"El-Morsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department , Faculty of Medicine, , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt"},{"name":"Mansoura University El Gomhouria Street , Faculty of Medicine, , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt"},{"name":"Medical Education Department , Faculty of Medicine, , International Coastal Rd, Al Hafir WA Al Amal, Al Satamoni, Dakahlia Governorate, 7730103 , Egypt"},{"name":"Delta University for Science and Technology , Faculty of Medicine, , International Coastal Rd, Al Hafir WA Al Amal, Al Satamoni, Dakahlia Governorate, 7730103 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6644-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia Alsaied Moustafa","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department , Faculty of Medicine, , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt"},{"name":"Mansoura University El Gomhouria Street , Faculty of Medicine, , Mansoura 35516 , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2024062014442530100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1622","article-title":"Making it real-the environmental burden of disease. 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