{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:03:11Z","timestamp":1765382591884,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cadmium is absorbed into the body through food consumption. Since food intake increases during pregnancy, Cadmium consumption from food also increases. Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, is an antioxidant hormone with therapeutic effects. This research aims to reveal how Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) affects antioxidant capacity by histological and biochemical methods and to test the effect of Melatonin in treating CdCl2-induced lesions in pregnant mice\u2019s stomach and small intestine. Control, CdCl2, Melatonin, and CdCl2\u2009+\u2009Melatonin groups were created using pregnant mice (n: 6). CdCl2 (2\u00a0mg\/kg\/bw) and Melatonin (3\u00a0mg\/kg\/bw) were administered. The investigation was terminated after birth. Stomach and small intestine tissues were pull out and fixed in 10% formaldehyde. They were routinely histologically processed and dyed via Hematoxylin\u2013Eosin. The tissues were appraised under light and electron microscopy, and biochemical analyses were carried out. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare the groups, and LSD tests were used for pairwise comparisons (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). While a reduction in body weight was noted in CdCl2 group (P: 0.01), no decrease was observed in the Melatonin group (P: 0.02). CdCl2 caused pathologies such as degeneration of gland cells, vacuole formation, and hemorrhage in the stomach. Although CdCl2 caused rupture and breakage of the villi in the intestine, these degenerations were minimal in CdCl2\u2009+\u2009Melatonin group. CdCl2 also caused a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels; however, the enzyme levels approached normal values in CdCl2\u2009+\u2009Melatonin group. Melatonin may be an effective therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal organs lesions caused by increased CdCl2 during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Highlights\u00a0 Melatonin prevented the reduction in body weight due to Cadmium chloride toxicity. Melatonin prevented the degenerations stem for Cadmium chloride in the stomach and small intestine. Melatonin led to an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. Melatonin may treat pathologies caused by Cadmium chloride toxicity in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfaf003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T22:44:36Z","timestamp":1741128276000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Melatonin may protect the gastrointestinal system from cadmium chloride toxicity during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2989-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erhan","family":"\u015eensoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University , Ibrahim Okten Street Yunus Emre Campus, 70100 Karaman ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16162857","article-title":"Neurotoxicity, behavior, and lethal effects of cadmium, microplastics, and their mixtures on Pomatoschistus microps juveniles from two wild populations exposed under laboratory conditions implications to environmental and human risk assessment","volume":"16","author":"Miranda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref2","first-page":"001","article-title":"Liver and cadmium toxicity","volume":"S5","author":"Arroyo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2014.10.002","article-title":"Cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations and their influence on morphological parameters in blood donors from different age groups from southern Poland","volume":"29","author":"Janicka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108830","article-title":"Coal smoke, gestational cadmium exposure, and fetal growth","volume":"179","author":"Barn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6620","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28186620","article-title":"Cadmium toxicity and health affects-a brief summary","volume":"28","author":"Charkiewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.1.9","article-title":"Mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenicity in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"16","author":"Bishak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.21597\/jist.1280369","article-title":"Does melatonin prevent damage caused by cadmium chloride toxicity to the liver, kidney, ve pancreas?","volume":"13","author":"\u015eensoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"JIST"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref8","first-page":"30","article-title":"Mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic and copper toxicity in veterinary medicine","volume":"2","author":"Kara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turkiye Clin J Veterinery Sci Pharmacol Toxicol Spec Top"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2019.18681","article-title":"Determination of the changes on the small intestine of pregnant mice by histological, enzyme histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods","volume":"30","author":"\u015eensoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turkish J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.22038\/IJBMS.(2019).33939.8076","article-title":"Mechanistic assessment of cadmium toxicity in association with the functions of estrogen receptors in the Langerhans islets","volume":"22","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149803","article-title":"Integration of omics analysis and atmospheric pressure MALDI mass spectrometry imaging reveals the cadmium toxicity on female ICR mouse","volume":"801","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00245-7","article-title":"Molecular inhibitory mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and kidney by cadmium","volume":"179","author":"Casalino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.062","article-title":"Cadmium induces reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation in cortical neurons in culture","volume":"40","author":"Lopez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-010-9237-4","article-title":"Modulatory effects of melatonin on cadmium-induced changes in biogenic amines in rat hypothalamus","volume":"20","author":"Romero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2009.09.014","article-title":"Melatonin administration ameliorates cadmium-induced oxidative stress and morphological changes in the liver of rat","volume":"73","author":"El-Sokkary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref16","first-page":"43","article-title":"The antioxidant effects of taurine, melatonin and n-acetylcysteine in cadmium-induced lung injury","volume":"24","author":"Aydo\u011fdu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trakya Uni Faculty of Med J"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8586","article-title":"Oxidative stress as a mechanism of chronic cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity and protection by antioxidants","volume":"154","author":"Zahir","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref18","first-page":"46","article-title":"Application of antioxidant vitamins in foods and beverages","volume":"53","author":"Elliot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Tech"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.24880\/maeuvfd.260790","article-title":"Antioxidants","volume":"1","author":"Karabulut","year":"2016","journal-title":"MAEU Vet Fak Derg"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref20","first-page":"110","article-title":"Investigation of biochemical and histopathological levels of effects of melatonin against cadmium-induced liver injury","volume":"19","author":"Karaca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Firat Med J"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113550","article-title":"Effects of the maternal gut microbiome and gut-placental axis on melatonin efficacy in alleviating cadmium-induced fetal growth restriction","volume":"237","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153455","article-title":"Manipulation of cadmium and diethylhexyl phthalate on Rana chensinensis tadpoles affects the intestinal microbiota and fatty acid metabolism","volume":"821","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127268","article-title":"Gestational exposure to environmental cadmium induces placental apoptosis and fetal growth restriction via parkin-modulated MCL-1 degradation","volume":"424","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"volume-title":"Sigma-Aldrich","year":"2023","key":"2025030422442564900_ref24"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2023.2186682","article-title":"Evaluation of biochemical, hematological, and genotoxic parameters in mice exposed to individual and combined ethoprophos and cadmium","volume":"58","author":"El-Gendy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health B"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.21608\/jbaar.2016.108529","article-title":"Pomegranate peel extract protects cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice","volume":"2","author":"El-Daly","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biosci Appl Res"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-022-00982-9","article-title":"Putative effect of melatonin on cardiomyocyte senescence in mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Rahbarghazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2487-6","article-title":"Substantial decreases in the number and diversity of microbiota during chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucositis in a rat model","volume":"23","author":"Fijlstra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref29","first-page":"251","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of tepatocyte growth factor hgf; in the fundus region of the stomach of diabetic and non-diabetic mice","volume":"16","author":"Aksu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ataturk Univ J Vet Sci"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6694629","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6694629","article-title":"The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pathological, and behavioural effects of medicago sativa L.(alfalfa) extract on brain injury caused by nicotine in male rats","volume":"2021","author":"Raeeszadeh","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-022-03185-x","article-title":"N-acetyl-L-cysteine in human rheumatoid arthritis and its effects on nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA): analytical and clinical considerations","volume":"54","author":"Tsikas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210267","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20210267","article-title":"Bioinspired copper single-atom nanozyme as a superoxide dismutase-like antioxidant for sepsis treatment","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wiley Online Library"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.003","article-title":"The glutathione peroxidase family: discoveries and mechanism","volume":"187","author":"Floh\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12281","article-title":"Thymoquinone therapy abrogates toxic effect of cadmium on rat testes","volume":"47","author":"Fouad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref35","first-page":"415","article-title":"Toxicology of cadmium and its damage to mammalian organs","volume":"11","author":"Th\u00e9venod","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cadmium: from toxicity to essentiality"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazadv.2022.100222","article-title":"Investigation of the effect of cadmium chloride applied during pregnancy on the morphological parameters of mouse offspring and the protective role of melatonin","volume":"9","author":"\u015eensoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater Adv"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref37","first-page":"1842","article-title":"The comparison toxicity effects of lead and cadmium exposure on hematological parameters and organs of mice","volume":"26","author":"Manuhara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol Environ Conserv"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121385","article-title":"Does maternal low-dose cadmium exposure increase the risk of offspring to develop metabolic syndrome and\/or type 2 diabetes?","volume":"315","author":"Saedi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109879","article-title":"Maternal cadmium exposure during late pregnancy causes fetal growth restriction via inhibiting placental progesterone synthesis","volume":"187","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22884","article-title":"Effect of cadmium on osteoclast differentiation during bone injury in female mice","volume":"35","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.10.011","article-title":"Chronic exposure of mice to environmentally relevant, low doses of cadmium leads to early renal damage, not predicted by blood or urine cadmium levels","volume":"229","author":"Thijssen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.07.007","article-title":"Emodin suppresses cadmium-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast formation","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-014-0064-0","article-title":"Changes in compact bone microstructure of rats subchronically exposed to cadmium","volume":"56","author":"Duranova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-014-0082-9","article-title":"Hair toxic element content in adult men and women in relation to body mass index","volume":"161","author":"Skalnaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071590","article-title":"Cadmium handling, toxicity and molecular targets involved during pregnancy: lessons from experimental models","volume":"18","author":"Jacobo-Estrada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"09603271231210262","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271231210262","article-title":"Toxic mechanisms of cadmium and exposure as a risk factor for oral and gastrointestinal carcinomas","volume":"42","author":"Tavakoli Pirzaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3426-9_15","article-title":"Cadmium as an environmental pollutant: ecotoxicological effects, health hazards, and bioremediation approaches for its detoxification from contaminated sites","volume":"2","author":"Saini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioremediation Ind Waste Environ Saf"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:77:1:65","article-title":"Cadmium-induced changes in epithelial cells of the rat stomach","volume":"77","author":"Asar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.07.012","article-title":"Study of the influence of the Ph of water in the initiation of digestive tract injury in cadmium poisoning in rats","volume":"2","author":"Nai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Reports"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-010-9351-z","article-title":"Role of metallothionein in cadmium traffic and toxicity in kidneys and other mammalian organs","volume":"23","author":"Saboli\u0107","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.12.114","article-title":"Gut as a target for cadmium toxicity","volume":"235","author":"Tinkov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.06.002","article-title":"Toxicity of oral cadmium intake: impact on gut immunity","volume":"237","author":"Ninkov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.108824","article-title":"Y\u00fczey topraklar\u0131nda ve mahsullerde a\u011f\u0131r metaller","volume":"1","author":"Velayatzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intech Open"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-015-4082-1","article-title":"Histopathological alterations in the liver and intestine of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed to long-term sublethal concentrations of cadmium chloride","volume":"33","author":"Younis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Oceanol Limnol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-018-0557-2","article-title":"The accumulation, histopathology, and intestinal microorganism effects of waterborne cadmium on Carassius auratus gibelio","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112220","article-title":"Toxic effects of cadmium and lead exposure on intestinal histology, oxidative stress response, and microbial community of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"167","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2019.04.012","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of cadmium exposure on digestive activity, antioxidant capacity and immune defense in the intestine of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)","volume":"222","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part C Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.04.008","article-title":"Blood cadmium levels are associated with a decline in lung function in males","volume":"132","author":"Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-018-0557-2","article-title":"The accumulation histopathology and intestinal microorganism effects of waterborne cadmium on Carassius auratus Gibelio fish","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2015.08.011","article-title":"Gene expression and pathway analysis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells treated with cadmium","volume":"288","author":"Cartularo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv085","article-title":"Urinary cadmium concentration and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis","volume":"182","author":"Larsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.35229\/jaes.1178638","article-title":"Tissue-specific ameliorative effect of resveratrol on oxidative stress parameters and blood lipid profile of mice exposed to cadmium","volume":"7","author":"Kocamaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anatol Environ Animal Sci"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2017.15.1.35","article-title":"Evaluation of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in fetal cord blood of depressed mothers","volume":"15","author":"Camkurt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-022-09946-0","article-title":"A mixture of multi-strain probiotics (lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus helveticus, and lactobacillus casei) had anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative effects in oxidative injuries induced by cadmium in small intestine and lung","volume":"15","author":"Dashtbanei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143951","article-title":"Mechanisms of Cd and Cu induced toxicity in human gastric epithelial cells: oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis","volume":"756","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1525-5","article-title":"Effect of aqueous extract of glycyrrhiza glabra on the biochemical changes induced by cadmium chloride in rats","volume":"190","author":"Mohamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2020.e00688","article-title":"Zinc-cadmium interactions instigated antagonistic alterations in lipid peroxidation, ascorbate peroxidase activity and chlorophyll synthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris leaves","volume":"11","author":"Apiamu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci African"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref68","first-page":"44","article-title":"The comparison of the effect of origanum vulgar aqueous extract and vitamin C on the control of cadmium chloride damage in testicular tissue in male rats","volume":"20","author":"Raeeszadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Babol Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.22092\/ari.2018.124058.1270","article-title":"Evaluation of interleukin-10 and pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in calves naturally infected with neonatal calf diarrhea syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Beheshtipour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Razi Ins"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.69990\/repvas.2024.1.2.3","article-title":"Determination of the effect of melatonin and vitamin E on cadmium chloride-induced pathologies in the stomach and small intestine of lohmann chicken embryos","volume":"1","author":"\u015eensoy","year":"2024","journal-title":"JASVM"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010527.pub2","article-title":"Melatonin for women in pregnancy for neuroprotection of the fetus","volume":"2016","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178525","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of melatonin on LPS-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.32794\/mr11250018","article-title":"Melatonin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in different tissues of rat: a mechanistic insight","volume":"2","author":"Mitra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Melatonin Res"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-024-10243-z","article-title":"Melatonin prevents histopathologies stem from cadmium chloride in pregnant mice lungs","volume":"55","author":"\u015eensoy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23163","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23163","article-title":"Melatonin counteracts necroptosis and pulmonary edema in cadmium-induced chronic lung injury through the inhibition of angiotensin II","volume":"36","author":"Mahalanobish","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00065","article-title":"Physiologic and pharmacokinetic changes in pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Costantine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9505","article-title":"Cadmium absorption and its relationship to divalent metal transporter-1 in the pregnant rat","volume":"185","author":"Leazer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmcol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2016.08.008","article-title":"Cadmium, iron and zinc interaction and hematological parameters in rat dams and their offspring","volume":"38","author":"Mikoli\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0117","article-title":"Nutrient availability, the microbiome, and intestinal transport during pregnancy","volume":"40","author":"Astbury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"volume-title":"Toxicological profile for cadmium","year":"2012","author":"ATSDR, U.S.","key":"2025030422442564900_ref80"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP108","article-title":"Health risk assessment of dietary cadmium intake: do current guidelines indicate how much is safe?","volume":"125","author":"Satarug","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050003","article-title":"Cadmium in milk and mammary gland in rats and mice","volume":"73","author":"Petersson Graw\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/71.2.154","article-title":"Cadmium pathways during gestation and lactation in control versus metallothoinein 1, 2-knockout mice","volume":"71","author":"Brako","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2015.1026622","article-title":"Effects of maternal exposure to cadmium oxide nanoparticles during pregnancy on maternal and offspring kidney injury markers using a murine model","volume":"78","author":"Blum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health Part A"},{"key":"2025030422442564900_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.08.027","article-title":"Arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium: toxicity, levels in breast milk and the risks for breastfed infants","volume":"151","author":"Rebelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Res"}],"container-title":["Toxicology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxres\/article-pdf\/14\/2\/tfaf003\/62208806\/tfaf003.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxres\/article-pdf\/14\/2\/tfaf003\/62208806\/tfaf003.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T22:44:44Z","timestamp":1741128284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxres\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfaf003\/8046498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfaf003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-4538"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-4538"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"article-number":"tfaf003"}}