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UVR filters in the form of commercial sunscreens have been widely used to reduce the negative health effects of UVR exposure. Despite their benefit, literature suggests that some filters can penetrate skin and have off-target biological effects. We noted that many organic filters are hydrophobic and contain aromatic rings, making them potential modulators of Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) signaling. We hypothesized that some filters may be able to act as agonists or antagonists on the AhR. Using a luciferase reporter cell line, we observed that the UVR filter octinoxate potentiated the ability of the known AhR ligand, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), to activate the AhR. Cotreatments of keratinocytes with octinoxate and FICZ lead to increased levels of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and P4501B1 (CYP1B1) mRNA transcripts, in an AhR-dependent fashion. Mechanistic studies revealed that octinoxate is an inhibitor of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, with IC50 values at approximately 1\u2009\u00b5M and 586\u2009nM, respectively. In vivo topical application of octinoxate and FICZ also elevated CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA levels in mouse skin. Our results show that octinoxate is able to indirectly modulate AhR signaling by inhibiting CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzyme function, which may have important downstream consequences for the metabolism of various compounds and skin integrity. It is important to continue studying the off-target effects of octinoxate and other UVR filters, because they are used on skin on a daily basis world-wide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfaa091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T19:42:34Z","timestamp":1592854954000},"page":"188-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The UVR Filter Octinoxate Modulates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling in Keratinocytes via Inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1869-7398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J","family":"Phelan-Dickinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A","family":"DeLouise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020101315044918000_kfaa091-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/53.2.264","article-title":"Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene partitioning and cellular homeostasis in a rat liver cell line","volume":"53","author":"Barhoumi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. 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