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In biomedical studies with water insoluble xenobiotics, corn oil is one of the most commonly used nonaqueous vehicles. This study evaluated the suitability of corn oil as a vehicle in adult female Sprague Dawley rats and adult CD-1 mice; the rodent models that are often utilized in toxicological studies. We studied the host response in terms of\u00a0change in the intestinal microbiome and mRNA expression of intestinal permeability and immune response-related genes when water (control) and corn oil (2\u2009ml\/kg) were administered as a vehicle through oral gavage. The results showed that the use of corn oil as a vehicle has no adverse impact in rats for either the immune response or the intestinal microbial population. On the other hand, mice treated with corn oil showed changes in bacterial community adhered to the ileum, as well as changes in the mRNA expression of intestinal permeability-related and ileal mucosa-associated immune response genes. Overall, results of this study suggest that the type of rodent species and vehicle used in toxicological risk assessments of xenobiotics studies should be taken into consideration in the experimental setup and study design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfaa177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T13:47:42Z","timestamp":1605707262000},"page":"89-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Differential Toxicological Outcome of Corn Oil Exposure in Rats and Mice as Assessed by Microbial Composition, Epithelial Permeability, and Ileal Mucosa-Associated Immune Status"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Kuppan","family":"Gokulan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson,\u00a0Arkansas 72079, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson,\u00a0Arkansas 72079, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H","family":"Lahiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson,\u00a0Arkansas 72079, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki L","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl E","family":"Cerniglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson,\u00a0Arkansas 72079, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9496-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Khare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson,\u00a0Arkansas 72079, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021022816123947600_kfaa177-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.03.007","article-title":"Cell type-specific function of TAK1 in innate immune signaling","volume":"34","author":"Ajibade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2021022816123947600_kfaa177-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","article-title":"Pathogen recognition and innate immunity","volume":"124","author":"Akira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021022816123947600_kfaa177-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821d298f","article-title":"Molecular fingerprints of the human fecal microbiota from 9 to 18 months old and the effect of fish oil supplementation","volume":"53","author":"Andersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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