{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:16:51Z","timestamp":1790425011553,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006182","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o do Esp\u00edrito Santo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["572\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["572\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006182","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o do Esp\u00edrito Santo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304724\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304724\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bioclin-Quibasa Research Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is the principal modulator of reproductive function. Proper control of this system relies on several hormonal pathways, which make the female reproductive components susceptible to disruption by endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as tributyltin (TBT). Here, we review the relevant research on the associations between TBT exposure and dysfunction of the female HPG axis components. Specifically, TBT reduced hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression and gonadotropin release, and impaired ovarian folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and ovulation, at least in part, by causing abnormal sensitivity to steroid feedback mechanisms and deleterious ovarian effects. This review covers studies using environmentally relevant doses of TBT in vitro (1\u2009ng\u201420\u2009ng\/ml) and in vivo (10\u2009ng\u201420\u2009mg\/kg) in mammals. The review also includes discussion of important gaps in the literature and suggests new avenue of research to evaluate the possible mechanisms underlying TBT-induced toxicity in the HPG axis. Overall, the evidence indicates that TBT exposure is associated with toxicity to the components of the female reproductive axis. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the mechanisms through which TBT impairs the ability of the HPG axis to control reproduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfab141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T04:35:59Z","timestamp":1637642159000},"page":"179-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Tributyltin and the Female Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Disruption"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Kayke L","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel S","family":"Dettogni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles S","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo L","family":"Gastal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9258-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori T","family":"Raetzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5579-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodi A","family":"Flaws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9349-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jones B","family":"Graceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022032914550183100_kfab141-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00418-0","article-title":"Pubertal development and regulation","volume":"4","author":"Abreu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022032914550183100_kfab141-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112255","article-title":"Legacy and emerging antifouling biocide residues in a tropical estuarine system (Vit\u00f3ria state, SE, Brazil","volume":"166","author":"Abreu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. 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