{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:32:32Z","timestamp":1791379952570,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The environmental contaminant perchlorate impairs the synthesis of thyroid hormones by reducing iodine uptake into the thyroid gland. Despite this known action, moderate doses of perchlorate do not significantly alter serum thyroid hormone in rat pups born to exposed dams. We examined perchlorate dosimetry and responsivity of the thyroid gland and brain in offspring following maternal exposure to perchlorate. Pregnant rat dams were delivered perchlorate in drinking water (0, 30, 100, 300, 1000\u2009ppm) from gestational day 6 to postnatal day (PN) 21. Perchlorate was present in the placenta, milk, and serum, the latter declining in pups over the course of lactation. Serum and brain thyroid hormone were reduced in pups at birth but recovered to control levels by PN2. Dramatic upregulation of Nis was observed in the thyroid gland of the exposed pup. Despite the return of serum thyroid hormone to control levels by PN2, expression of several TH-responsive genes was altered in the PN14 pup brain. Contextual fear learning was unimpaired in the adults, supporting previous reports. Declining levels of serum perchlorate and a profound upregulation of Nis gene expression in the thyroid gland are consistent with the rapid return to the euthyroid state in the neonate. However, despite this recovery, thyroid hormone insufficiencies in serum and brain beginning in utero and present at birth appear sufficient to alter TH action in the fetus and subsequent trajectory of brain development. Biomarkers of that altered trajectory remain in the brain of the neonate, demonstrating that perchlorate is not devoid of effects on the developing brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfad133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T17:00:13Z","timestamp":1703523613000},"page":"113-127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ammonium perchlorate: serum dosimetry, neurotoxicity, and resilience of the neonatal rat thyroid system"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8916-8851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary E","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Development, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6031-3891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Air Quality, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5167-8554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine L","family":"O\u2019Shaughnessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Development, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Development, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammy E","family":"Stoker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Development, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cal","family":"Riutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Development, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jermaine L","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024040414015274800_kfad133-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2016.78","article-title":"Update on dietary intake of perchlorate and iodine from U.S. Food and Drug Administration\u2019s total diet study: 2008\u20132012","volume":"28","author":"Abt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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