{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T06:50:22Z","timestamp":1770360622932,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clemson University Division of Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM146584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM146584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES031766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES031766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"2022 Biological Sciences Graduate Professional Development Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Arsenic is a toxicant that is ingested through drinking water and food, exposing nearly 140 million people to levels above the 10\u2009ppb guideline concentration. Studies have shown that arsenic affects intestinal stem cells (ISCs), but the mechanisms by which arsenic alters the formation of adult cells in the small intestine are not well understood. Signals derived from intestinal stromal cells initiate and maintain differentiation. The goal of this study is to evaluate arsenic\u2019s effect on intestinal stromal cells, including Pdgfr\u03b1Lo trophocytes, located proximal to the ISCs, and Pdgfr\u03b1Hi telocytes, located proximal to the transit-amplifying region and up the villi. Adult Sox9tm2Crm\u2212EGFP mice were exposed to 0, 33, and 100\u2009ppb sodium arsenite in their drinking water for 13\u2009weeks, and sections of duodenum were examined. Flow cytometry indicated that arsenic exposure dose-responsively reduced Sox9+ epithelial cells and trended toward increased Pdgfr\u03b1+ cells. The trophocyte marker, CD81, was reduced by 10-fold and 9.0-fold in the 100\u2009ppb exposure group in male and female mice, respectively. Additionally, a significant 2.2- to 3.1-fold increase in Pdgfr\u03b1Lo expression was found in male mice in trophocytes and Igfbp5+ cells. Pdgfr\u03b1Hi protein expression, a telocyte marker, was more prevalent along the villus\/crypt structure in females, whereas Gli1 expression (telocytes) was reduced in male mice exposed to arsenic. Principle coordinate analysis confirmed the sex-dependent response to arsenic exposure, with an increase in trophocyte and decrease in telocyte marker expression observed in male mice. These results imply that arsenic alters intestinal mesenchymal cells in a sex-dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T07:57:09Z","timestamp":1707033429000},"page":"303-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chronic arsenic exposure affects stromal cells and signaling in the small intestine in a sex-specific manner"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Scott W","family":"Ventrello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R","family":"McMurry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9273-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa J","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024040414563339700_kfae016-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15714-x","article-title":"Lgr5+ telocytes are a signaling source at the intestinal villus tip","volume":"11","author":"Bahar Halpern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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