{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:17:21Z","timestamp":1792124241745,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U21A20424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004775","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21ZD4FA014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZD4FA014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004775","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21JR11RA074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR11RA074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014764","name":"China International Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z-2021-46-2101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z-2021-46-2101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Early identification of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is essential to prevent renal damage. The renal tubules are typically the first to exhibit damage, frequently accompanied by changes in renal tubular transporters. With this in mind, we have identified an endogenous substrate of the renal tubular transporters that may serve as a biomarker for early detection of drug-induced AKI. Using gentamicin- and vancomycin-induced AKI models, we found that traumatic acid (TA), an end metabolite, was rapidly increased in both AKI models. TA, a highly albumin-bound compound (96% to 100%), could not be filtered by the glomerulus and was predominantly eliminated by renal tubules via the OAT1, OAT3, OATP4C1, and P-gp transporters. Importantly, there is a correlation between elevated serum TA levels and reduced OAT1 and OAT3 levels. A clinical study showed that serum TA levels rose before an increase in serum creatinine in 13 out of 20 AKI patients in an intensive care unit setting. In addition, there was a notable rise in TA levels in the serum of individuals suffering from nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, and acute renal failure. These results indicate that the decrease in renal tubular transporter expression during drug-induced AKI leads to an increase in the serum TA level, and the change in TA may serve as a monitor for renal tubular injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high clinical incidence, and if patients do not receive timely treatment and intervention, it can lead to severe consequences. During AKI, tubular damage is often the primary issue. Endogenous biomarkers of tubular damage are critical for the early diagnosis and treatment of AKI. However, there is currently a lack of reliable endogenous biomarkers for diagnosing tubular damage in clinical practice. Tubular secretion is primarily mediated by renal tubular transporters (channels), which are also impaired during tubular damage. Therefore, we aim to identify endogenous biomarkers of tubular damage from the perspective of renal tubular transporters, providing support for the early detection and intervention of AKI. TA is a substrate of multiple channels, including OAT1, OAT3, OATP4C1, and P-gp, and is primarily secreted by the renal tubules. In the early stages of rat AKI induced by GEN and VCA, serum TA levels are significantly elevated, occurring earlier than the rise in serum creatinine (SCr). Thus, TA is expected to become a potential endogenous biomarker for the early diagnosis of tubular damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T05:27:26Z","timestamp":1721626046000},"page":"190-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identification of a substrate of the renal tubular transporters for detecting drug-induced early acute kidney injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Yong-Wen","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Rong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Ru","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Kang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Lin","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-An","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.10.014","article-title":"Riceberry bran extract prevents renal dysfunction and impaired renal organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) function by modulating the PKC\/Nrf2 pathway in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"23","author":"Arjinajarn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B2","first-page":"500","article-title":"Prediction of the renal elimination of drugs with cystatin C vs creatinine: a systematic review","volume":"94","author":"Barreto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12020275","article-title":"Role of urinary kidney stress biomarkers for early recognition of subclinical acute kidney injury in critically ill COVID-19 patients","volume":"12","author":"Casas-Aparicio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03693-w","article-title":"FGF23 ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury via modulation of endothelial progenitor cells: targeting SDF-1\/CXCR4 signaling","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-22-2042","article-title":"Effects of p-Cresol, a uremic toxin, on cancer cells","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Cancer Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002729","article-title":"Biomarkers for the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute kidney injury: a systematic review","volume":"73","author":"Coca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2193-8","article-title":"Subclinical acute kidney injury is associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill neonates and children","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2013.790364","article-title":"Albumin and \u03b11-acid glycoprotein: old acquaintances","volume":"9","author":"Filip","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F386","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00503.2017","article-title":"Organic anion transporter OAT3 enhances the glucosuric effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin","volume":"315","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.04.029","article-title":"JBP485 improves gentamicin-induced acute renal failure by regulating the expression and function of OAT1 and OAT3 in rats","volume":"271","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30628-x","article-title":"Aristolochic acid I determine the phenotype and activation of macrophages in acute and chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Honarpisheh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-016-4174-5","article-title":"Traumatic acid reduces oxidative stress and enhances collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts","volume":"51","author":"Jab\u0142o\u0144ska-Trypu\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx089","article-title":"p-Cresyl glucuronide is a major metabolite of p-Cresol in mouse: in contrast to p-cresyl sulphate, p-cresyl glucuronide fails to promote insulin resistance","volume":"32","author":"Koppe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfw033","article-title":"The cell cycle biomarkers: promising research, but do not oversell them","volume":"9","author":"Lameire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7962","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26226-6","article-title":"Value of urinary KIM-1 and NGAL combined with serum Cys C for predicting acute kidney injury secondary to decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"8","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.09.033","article-title":"Renal tubule injury: a driving force toward chronic kidney disease","volume":"93","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"26","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11963","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.50093","article-title":"Discovery and validation of miR-452 as an effective biomarker for acute kidney injury in sepsis","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-014-2171-7","article-title":"KIM-1 and NGAL as biomarkers of nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats","volume":"397","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106342","article-title":"Characterization of the renal tubular transport of creatinine by activity-based protein profiling and transport kinetics","volume":"180","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113551","article-title":"An LC-MS\/MS analytical method for the determination of uremic toxins in patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"191","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347201","article-title":"Thyroid function differently affects serum cystatin C and creatinine concentrations","volume":"28","author":"Manetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2011.01.013","article-title":"Hydroperoxide lyase cascade in pea seedlings: non-volatile oxylipins and their age and stress dependent alterations","volume":"72","author":"Mukhtarova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082599","article-title":"Clusterin as a new marker of kidney injury in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation \u2013 a pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Musia\u0142","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B24","first-page":"00416","article-title":"24-Hour pharmacokinetic relationships for vancomycin and novel urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury","volume":"61","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2018.06.003","article-title":"Immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus induced mitochondrial nephrotoxicity, modified PCNA and Bcl-2 expression attenuated by Ocimum basilicum L. in CD1 mice","volume":"5","author":"Oyouni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.09.013","article-title":"Urine stability studies for novel biomarkers of acute kidney injury","volume":"63","author":"Parikh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02765-15","article-title":"Characterization of 22 antituberculosis drugs for inhibitory interaction potential on organic anionic transporter polypeptide (OATP)-mediated uptake","volume":"60","author":"Parvez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.475","article-title":"Drug use and nephrotoxicity in the intensive care unit","volume":"81","author":"Perazella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00150118","article-title":"Pharmacology behind common drug nephrotoxicities","volume":"13","author":"Perazella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5742","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00591-16","article-title":"Evaluation of vancomycin exposures associated with elevations in novel urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury in vancomycin-treated rats","volume":"60","author":"Rhodes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0740613","article-title":"Prostaglandin precursor fatty acids in cirrhosis with ascites: effect of linoleic acid infusion in functional renal failure","volume":"74","author":"Rimola","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3390\/life12010060","article-title":"Renoprotection of selected antioxidant-rich foods (water spinach and red grape) and probiotics in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats","volume":"12","author":"Sarwar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0145042","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145042","article-title":"Comparison of plasma and urine biomarker performance in acute kidney injury","volume":"10","author":"Schley","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.638","article-title":"Factors other than glomerular filtration rate affect serum cystatin C levels","volume":"75","author":"Stevens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2006.02.003","article-title":"Drug-associated renal dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Taber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6960-9_11","article-title":"Assays for analyzing the role of transport proteins in the uptake and the vectorial transport of substances affecting cell viability","volume":"1601","author":"Taghikhani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12895","article-title":"Identification of traumatic acid as a potential plasma biomarker for sarcopenia using a metabolomics-based approach","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654269","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.654269","article-title":"Urinary extracellular vesicles as a source of NGAL for diabetic kidney disease evaluation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Ugarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2175","article-title":"Tubular kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in human renal disease","volume":"212","author":"van Timmeren","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B40","first-page":"7272485","article-title":"Effect of repeated injection of iodixanol on renal function in healthy Wistar rats using functional MRI","volume":"2018","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.06.1220","article-title":"JBP485 attenuates vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating the expressions of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1, OAT3, organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in rats","volume":"295","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2021.1879000","article-title":"Current concepts and advances in biomarkers of acute kidney injury","volume":"58","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114605","article-title":"Biomarkers of acute and chronic kidney disease","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.123.001480","article-title":"Special section on new and emerging areas and technologies in drug metabolism and disposition, part I-Editorial","volume":"51","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2020.1818579","article-title":"Novel lncRNA XLOC_032768 protects against renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating FNDC3B\/TGF-\u03b21","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.03.042","article-title":"Adefovir accumulation and nephrotoxicity in renal interstitium: role of organic anion transporters of kidney","volume":"224","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4244","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7559","article-title":"Protective effect of Rhein against vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity through regulating renal transporters and Nrf2 pathway","volume":"36","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"2024092607514414000_kfae093-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960059","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.960059","article-title":"Advances in the study of subclinical AKI biomarkers","volume":"13","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"}],"container-title":["Toxicological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae093\/58721773\/kfae093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/article-pdf\/201\/2\/190\/59341967\/kfae093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/article-pdf\/201\/2\/190\/59341967\/kfae093.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T07:52:10Z","timestamp":1727337130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/article\/201\/2\/190\/7718504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae093","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-6080","1096-0929"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-6080","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-0929","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]}}}