{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T11:46:23Z","timestamp":1792323983381,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173480"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of \u22642.5\u2009\u03bcm (PM2.5), has been recognized for its adverse effects on multiple organs beyond the lungs. Among these, the bone began to garner significant attention. This review covers epidemiological, animal, and cell studies on PM2.5 exposure and bone health as well as studies on PM2.5-induced diseases with skeletal complications. Emerging evidence from epidemiological studies indicates a positive association between PM2.5 exposure and the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures, along with a negative association with bone mineral density. Experimental studies have demonstrated that PM2.5 can disrupt the metabolic balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts through inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption, thereby triggering bone loss and osteoporosis. Additionally, this review proposes a secondary mechanism by which PM2.5 may impair bone homeostasis via pathological alterations in other organs, offering new perspectives on the complex interactions between environmental pollutants and bone health. In conclusion, this contemporary review underscores the often-overlooked risk factors of PM2.5 in terms of its adverse effects on bone and elucidates the mechanisms of both primary and secondary toxicity. Further attention should be given to exploring the molecular mechanisms of PM2.5-induced bone impairment and developing effective intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T13:54:31Z","timestamp":1725285271000},"page":"157-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fine particulate matter and osteoporosis: evidence, mechanisms, and emerging perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"Jiyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanshu","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0393-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuiqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2024112607504881400_kfae109-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6578","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076578","article-title":"Advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"24","author":"Accapezzato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol 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