{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:37:09Z","timestamp":1791916629643,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute for Population and Public Health Team","award":["FRN IP3-150711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN IP3-150711"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRN 156239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN 156239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008582","name":"McGill University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There is growing evidence that organophosphate esters (OPEs) can act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. However, only a few studies have assessed the effects of OPE exposure on one of the most important endocrine glands in the body, the adrenal gland. Our aim was to test the effects of a mixture of OPEs detected in Canadian house dust on adrenal function in Sprague Dawley rats. Adult male and female rats (n\u2009=\u200915 per treatment group) were administered either a vehicle or an OPE mixture (0.048, 1.6, or 48\u2009mg\/kg bw\/d) for 70 to 72\u2009d via their diet. With OPE exposure, adrenal glands from male adult rats were reduced in weight, whereas those of female rats showed an increase in weight. This led us to investigate whether OPEs induce sex-specific effects on adrenal gland function and the mechanisms involved. Serum levels of two adrenal hormones, aldosterone and corticosterone, were decreased only in male serum samples. Serum levels of renin and adrenocorticotropic hormone, which regulate aldosterone and corticosterone synthesis, respectively, were assessed. Exposure to the OPE mixture decreased renin levels only in males. Serum biochemistry analysis revealed that triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels were increased in males. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the top affected pathways in male adrenal glands from all three treatment groups were related to potassium channels, which play a role in regulating aldosterone and corticosterone levels. The most affected pathways in female adrenal glands were related to cholesterol biosynthesis and immune functions. These results show that an environmentally relevant mixture of OPEs affects adrenal function and that these effects are sex specific.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T02:09:26Z","timestamp":1733882966000},"page":"43-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters on the adrenal glands of Sprague Dawley rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1730-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara F","family":"Hales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6631-2400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Robaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030420521077500_kfae154-B1","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"2012"},{"key":"2025030420521077500_kfae154-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4316","article-title":"Toxicological effects of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate exposure in adult male rats differ depending on the history of exposure in the 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