{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:49:01Z","timestamp":1791830941632,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P42 ES023716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42 ES023716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES033531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES033531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL149351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL149351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL171763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL171763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21ES033334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21ES033334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32ES011564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32ES011564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Benzene exposure is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, yet the mechanisms linking benzene to vascular injury remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the effects of benzene and its reactive metabolite, trans, trans-muconaldehyde (MA), on endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment, which are early events in atherogenesis. Wild-type and endothelial-specific heat shock protein A1B overexpressing mice were exposed to inhaled benzene (1\u2009ppm), and leukocyte dynamics were assessed by intravital microscopy. Complementary studies in vitro examined MA-induced endothelial activation via leukocyte adhesion assays, RNA sequencing, pharmacological interventions, and small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing. Benzene inhalation increased leukocyte rolling (16- to 21-fold) and adhesion (11- to 44-fold) in vivo with female mice exhibiting greater responses than males. In vitro, MA enhanced monocyte adhesion (1.7-fold) and transmigration (1.4-fold) and induced a conserved transcriptional program characterized by activation of oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, MAPK signaling, and heat shock pathways. MA stimulated phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and eIF2\u03b1, increased XBP1 splicing, elevated reactive oxygen species generation, and depleted glutathione. Alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress with 4-phenylbutyric acid attenuated MA-induced expression of HSPA1B, ATF3, and ICAM1. Conversely, HSPA1B silencing exacerbated endothelial activation and stress signaling, whereas endothelial-specific overexpression of HSPA1B significantly reduced benzene-induced leukocyte recruitment in vivo. Collectively, these findings identify proteotoxic stress as a central mechanism of benzene-induced vascular toxicity. Further, we demonstrate that activation of the heat shock pathway (HSF1-HSPA1B) serves as a protective response that limits endothelial inflammation. These results provide new mechanistic insight into how environmental benzene exposure may promote vascular injury and CVD in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfag129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:33:08Z","timestamp":1790681588000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endothelial proteotoxic stress drives inhaled benzene-induced vascular inflammation in mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"Samantha A","family":"McFall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Envirome Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina V","family":"Malovichko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Envirome Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalinie S","family":"Wickramasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Envirome Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breandon S","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Envirome Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad T","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Envirome Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Conklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Envirome Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3976-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor N","family":"Zelko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Envirome Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1976-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Envirome Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40202,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0183602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183602","article-title":"Benzene exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"12","author":"Abplanalp","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy252","article-title":"Benzene exposure induces insulin resistance in mice","volume":"167","author":"Abplanalp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B3","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profiles","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.10.016","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles induced heat shock protein 70, oxidative stress and apoptosis in drosophila melanogaster","volume":"242","author":"Ahamed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000110785.96039.f6","article-title":"Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by tetrahydrobiopterin in vascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Alp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-010-0101-8","article-title":"Particulate air pollution, systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Araujo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620490442500","article-title":"A screening-level assessment of the health risks of chronic smoke exposure for wildland firefighters","volume":"1","author":"Booze","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787541","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.787541","article-title":"Dysfunctional vascular endothelium as a driver of atherosclerosis: emerging insights into pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Botts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1998.tb00932.x","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic study of occupational and environmental benzene exposure with regard to gender","volume":"18","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09599","article-title":"S-glutathionylation uncouples enos and regulates its cellular and vascular function","volume":"468","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"483","key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.02.121","article-title":"Urinary benzene metabolite and insulin resistance in elderly adults","volume":"482","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.10.7542214","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules: Nf-kappa b and cytokine-inducible enhancers","volume":"9","author":"Collins","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-4889(02)00271-9","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds cytotoxicity and expression of HSP72, HSP90 and GRP78 stress proteins in cultured human cells","volume":"1591","author":"Croute","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021GH000546","DOI":"10.1029\/2021gh000546","article-title":"Health risk implications of volatile organic compounds in wildfire smoke during the 2019 firex-aq campaign and beyond","volume":"6","author":"Dickinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geohealth"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2067","article-title":"Reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress through a macrophage lipid chaperone alleviates atherosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Erbay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.602532","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular disease: from marvel to menace","volume":"113","author":"F\u00f6rstermann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.002","article-title":"Oxidative stress-mediated aldehyde adduction of grp78 in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease: functional independence of atpase activity and chaperone function","volume":"73","author":"Galligan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/33934","article-title":"Dynamic activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by hsp90","volume":"392","author":"Garcia-Cardena","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301","article-title":"Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Gimbrone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.05.007","article-title":"P38 MAPK mediates TNF-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells via phosphorylation and downregulation of Bcl-x(L)","volume":"298","author":"Grethe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9052","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.16.9052","article-title":"The NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway in aortic endothelial cells is primed for activation in regions predisposed to atherosclerotic lesion formation","volume":"97","author":"Hajra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0410-396","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and atherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.125656","article-title":"Associations between ambient benzene and stroke, and the mediating role of accelerated biological aging: findings from the UK biobank","volume":"367","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42938","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101968200","article-title":"Chip is a U-box-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase: identification of Hsc70 as a target for ubiquitylation","volume":"276","author":"Jiang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)00134-9","article-title":"Smad7 binds to Smurf2 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the TGF beta receptor for degradation","volume":"6","author":"Kavsak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200202000-00002","article-title":"Heat shock inhibits TNF-induced ICAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells via I kappa kinase inhibition","volume":"17","author":"Kohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01267.2001","article-title":"Heat shock proteins: modifying factors in physiological stress responses and acquired thermotolerance","volume":"92","author":"Kregel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C736","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00529.2009","article-title":"Airborne particulate matter selectively activates endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the lung and liver tissues","volume":"299","author":"Laing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03070-8","article-title":"The functions and regulation of heat shock proteins; key orchestrators of proteostasis and the heat shock response","volume":"95","author":"Lang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8356","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.21.8356","article-title":"Formation of muconaldehyde, an open-ring metabolite of benzene, in mouse liver microsomes: an additional pathway for toxic metabolites","volume":"83","author":"Latriano","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2156","article-title":"Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated","volume":"7","author":"Ley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B32","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Intravital Imaging of Dynamic Bone and Immune Systems: Methods and Protocols","author":"Li"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1782","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: a vicious cycle or a double-edged sword?","volume":"9","author":"Malhotra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2021.115742","article-title":"Subclinical markers of cardiovascular toxicity of benzene inhalation in mice","volume":"431","author":"Malovichko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/35050509","article-title":"The HSC70 co-chaperone chip targets immature CFTR for proteasomal degradation","volume":"3","author":"Meacham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0996-992","article-title":"During angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor regulate natural killer cell adhesion to tumor endothelium","volume":"2","author":"Melder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.02.013","article-title":"The role of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in radiation-induced immunomodulation","volume":"368","author":"Multhoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008x(82)90391-x","article-title":"Sensory irritation, pulmonary irritation, and respiratory stimulation by airborne benzene and alkylbenzenes: prediction of safe industrial exposure levels and correlation with their thermodynamic properties","volume":"65","author":"Nielsen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7001","article-title":"Particulate matter exposure impairs systemic microvascular endothelium-dependent dilation","volume":"112","author":"Nurkiewicz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-5-1","article-title":"Nanoparticle inhalation augments particle-dependent systemic microvascular dysfunction","volume":"5","author":"Nurkiewicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.558","article-title":"Cutting edge: heat shock protein 60 is a putative endogenous ligand of the toll-like receptor-4 complex","volume":"164","author":"Ohashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-014-9272-0","article-title":"Role of autonomic reflex arcs in cardiovascular responses to air pollution exposure","volume":"15","author":"Perez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.095","article-title":"Transcript-level expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with HISAT, StringTie and Ballgown","volume":"11","author":"Pertea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30420","article-title":"Chemical exposures and risk of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes in a population-based study","volume":"140","author":"Poynter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17621","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100084200","article-title":"Heat shock protein 90 mediates the balance of nitric oxide and superoxide anion from endothelial nitric-oxide synthase","volume":"276","author":"Pritchard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.07.086","article-title":"Are ambient volatile organic compounds environmental stressors for heart failure?","volume":"242","author":"Ran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.961041235","article-title":"The use of protein adducts to investigate the disposition of reactive metabolites of benzene","volume":"104 Suppl 6","author":"Rappaport","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620490490101","article-title":"Baseline measurements of smoke exposure among wildland firefighters","volume":"1","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2022.115877","article-title":"Environmental exposure to volatile organic compounds is associated with endothelial injury","volume":"437","author":"Riggs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0133-3","article-title":"The Hsp70 chaperone network","volume":"20","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/00984100050166361","article-title":"The role of metabolism and specific metabolites in benzene-induced toxicity: evidence and issues","volume":"61","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8166-7-15","article-title":"Monitoring of gas station attendants exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene (btx) using three-color chromosome painting","volume":"7","author":"Santiago","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cytogenet"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02918","article-title":"Analysis of benzene air quality standards, monitoring methods and concentrations in indoor and outdoor environment","volume":"5","author":"Sekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfw268","article-title":"Cadmium-mediated activation of the hsp90\/hsf1 pathway regulated by reactive persulfides\/polysulfides","volume":"156","author":"Shinkai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.12.002","article-title":"Induction of hsp70, hsp60, hsp83 and hsp26 and oxidative stress markers in benzene, toluene and xylene exposed Drosophila melanogaster: role of ROS generation","volume":"235","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.23.3003","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure and acceleration of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in an animal model","volume":"294","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1080\/00304948.2021.1953889","article-title":"A convenient preparation of muconaldehyde using a one-pot acid-to-aldehyde reduction protocol","volume":"53","author":"Sutaria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Org Prep Proced Int"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.110.224766","article-title":"The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the progression of atherosclerosis","volume":"107","author":"Tabas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00017.2020","article-title":"Air pollution-induced autonomic modulation","volume":"35","author":"Taylor-Clark","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease","volume":"39","author":"Valko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11398","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.320416","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal causes endothelial activation by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"287","author":"Vladykovskaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14657-0","article-title":"Gender differences in hematotoxicity of benzene-exposed workers, three cross-sectional studies on 218,061 subjects","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202308-1440OC","article-title":"Long-term exposure to low concentrations of ambient benzene and mortality in a national English cohort","volume":"209","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.12.030","article-title":"Benzene exposure: an overview of monitoring methods and their findings","volume":"184","author":"Weisel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.91","article-title":"The role of heat shock proteins in atherosclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Wick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122197","article-title":"Long-term exposure to ambient benzene and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in a national cohort: the modifying effect of genetic susceptibility","volume":"284","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327114538988","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress and activated heat shock proteins in human cell lines by silver nanoparticles","volume":"34","author":"Xin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmp018","article-title":"Regulation of TGF-beta signaling by Smad7","volume":"41","author":"Yan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B70","first-page":"831","article-title":"Protein adducts of 1,4-benzoquinone and benzene oxide among smokers and nonsmokers exposed to benzene in China","volume":"10","author":"Yeowell-O\u2019Connell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307151","article-title":"Long-term exposure to concentrated ambient pm increases mouse blood pressure through abnormal activation of the sympathetic nervous system: a role for hypothalamic inflammation","volume":"122","author":"Ying","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1039\/c5mb00663e","article-title":"ReactomePA: an R\/Bioconductor package for reactome pathway analysis and visualization","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Biosyst"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfab125","article-title":"Chronic benzene exposure aggravates pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction","volume":"185","author":"Zelko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfaf055","article-title":"Benzene metabolites increase vascular permeability by activating heat shock proteins and RHO GTPases","volume":"206","author":"Zelko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2026101214420674600_kfag129-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115241","article-title":"Cadmium exposure promotes ferroptosis by upregulating heat shock protein 70 in vascular endothelial damage of zebrafish","volume":"263","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"}],"container-title":["Toxicological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfag129\/71465852\/kfag129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/article-pdf\/209\/10\/kfag129\/71465852\/kfag129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/article-pdf\/209\/10\/kfag129\/71465852\/kfag129.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:42:13Z","timestamp":1791830533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfag129\/8845501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfag129","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-0929"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-0929","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"article-number":"kfag129"}}