{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:57:34Z","timestamp":1790740654321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Potentially toxic metal(loid) contamination of agricultural environments may pose serious public health concerns, particularly for children. This study assessed contamination of agricultural soils, irrigation water, and commonly consumed vegetables in Kasese District, Uganda, an area influenced by mining and industrial activities. Agricultural soils (n\u2009=\u20099 composite samples), point-source irrigation water (n\u2009=\u20091), and vegetables (onion, cabbage, and amaranth; n\u2009=\u200936 composite samples) were analysed for 14 potentially toxic elements (PTEs) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Age-specific health risks for children were evaluated using the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry\u2019s Public Health Assessment Site Tool and complemented with Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations) to account for exposure variability and uncertainty. Mean concentrations of arsenic (1.780\u20133.569\u2009mg\/kg), lead (2.017\u20139.670\u2009mg\/kg), mercury (0.025\u20130.700\u2009mg\/kg), nickel (0.523\u20133.655\u2009mg\/kg), and chromium (0.043\u20132.043\u2009mg\/kg) frequently exceeded recommended limits. Hazard index values were greater than one, indicating significant non-carcinogenic health risks. Deterministic cancer risk (6.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u207b\u2074\u20132.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u207b\u00b3) and probabilistic estimates (5.79\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u207b\u2074\u20133.86\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u207b\u00b3) exceeded acceptable priority screening thresholds (10\u207b\u2076\u201310\u207b\u2074), with arsenic and nickel as dominant contributors to probabilistic cancer-risk variability. However, the study is based on a single sampling campaign, and the exposure model relies partly on default parameters; therefore, the risk estimates should be interpreted as screening-level estimates rather than population-level incidence predictions. The findings support expanded spatial and seasonal monitoring, improved characterisation of dietary exposure and contaminant speciation, and targeted food-safety and agricultural risk-management interventions in the Mubuku irrigation scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfag132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:42:11Z","timestamp":1790682131000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Baseline Environmental Contamination Data and Model-based Screening of Children's Exposure-Risk Estimates from Metal(loid)-laden Vegetables and Soils"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Turyahabwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kampala International University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, , Western Campus, Bushenyi,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godswill J","family":"Udom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University Oye-Ekiti Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, , PMB 373, Oye-Ekiti,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Modinat A","family":"Adefisayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Technology Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, , Akure. Ondo State,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muyiwa M","family":"Orosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ilorin Department of Physics, ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Fukushima University Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel O","family":"Ademilusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology, , Ondo,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashid","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University Sustainable Development Research Centre, , Baku, Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamola","family":"Zaynalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Shota Rustaveli Str. 156, Tashkent 100121, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafisakhon","family":"Mamatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andijan State University , Universitet Str. 129, Andijan 170100, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Mahariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Correspond University College, Korea University , Seoul 02481, South","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Department of Medical Research, , Taichung,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aseel","family":"Smerat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hourani Centre for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University , Amman 19328,","place":["Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"container-title":["Toxicological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfag132\/71476429\/kfag132.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfag132\/71476429\/kfag132.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:12:49Z","timestamp":1790737969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfag132\/8847281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfag132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-0929"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-0929","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"article-number":"kfag132"}}