{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T18:15:06Z","timestamp":1775240106183,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]],"date-time":"2007-07-18T01:03:46Z","timestamp":1184720626000},"page":"446-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparison of Mode of Action of Four Hepatocarcinogens: A Model-Based Approach"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Jutta","family":"Groos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bannasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Kopp-Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The cytoplasm of hepatocytes during carcinogenesis. Electron and light microscopic investigations of the nitrosomorpholine-intoxicated rat liver","volume":"19","year":"1968","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/7.5.689","article-title":"Preneoplastic lesions as end points in carcinogenicity testing. I. Hepatic preneoplasia","volume":"7","year":"1986","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib3","first-page":"223","article-title":"Significance of hepatic preneoplasia for cancer chemoprevention","volume":"154","year":"2001","journal-title":"IARC Sci. Publ."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib4","first-page":"389","article-title":"Predictive value of hepatic preneoplastic lesions as indicators of carcinogenic response","volume":"116","year":"1992","journal-title":"IARC Sci. Publ."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400475","article-title":"Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta1-induced hepatoma cell apoptosis by liver tumor promoters: Characterization of primary signaling events and effects on CPP32-like caspase activity","volume":"6","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib6","first-page":"544","article-title":"Procede mecanique pour determiner la composition des roches","volume":"25","year":"1847","journal-title":"Compt.Rend. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib7","first-page":"19","article-title":"Genetic alterations in liver carcinogenesis: Implications for new preventive and therapeutic strategies","volume":"11","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncog."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib8","article-title":"Neoplastic Development","year":"1969"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.80.2.101","article-title":"The initiating and promoting elements in tumor production","volume":"80","year":"1944","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib10","first-page":"189","article-title":"Visualization of parametric carcinogenesis models","volume-title":"Compstat. Proceedings in Computational Statistics","year":"2004"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2006.02.002","article-title":"Application of a color-shift model with heterogeneous growth to a rat hepatocarcinogenesis experiment","volume":"202","year":"2006","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.04043.x","article-title":"Review of genetic and epigenetic alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"21","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib13","first-page":"353","article-title":"Medium-term bioassays for carcinogens","volume-title":"Mechanism s of Carcinogenesis in Risk Identification","year":"1992"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib14","first-page":"60","article-title":"Prevalidation of a rat liver foci bioassay (RLFB) based on results from 1600 rats: A study report","volume":"31","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110220","article-title":"Increase in hepatocyte and nuclear volume and decrease in the population of binucleated cells in preneoplastic foci of rat liver: A stereological study using the nucleator method","volume":"11","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10014","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1633614100","article-title":"Early resistance to cell death and to onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition during hepatocarcinogenesis with 2-acetylaminofluorene","volume":"100","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230390173860","article-title":"Biostatistical evaluation of focal hepatic preneoplasia","volume":"31","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3526.1","article-title":"Investigating the formation and growth of a-particle radiation-induced foci of altered hepatocytes: A model based approach","volume":"166","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(91)90210-U","article-title":"Distinguishing between models of carcinogenesis: The role of clonal expansion","volume":"17","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(97)10007-4","article-title":"A model for hepatocarcinogenesis treating phenotypical changes in focal hepatocellular lesions as epigenetic events","volume":"148","year":"1998","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib21","first-page":"111","article-title":"Quantitative aspects of drug-mediated tumour promotion in liver and its toxicological implications","volume":"7","year":"1982","journal-title":"Carcinog. Compr. Surv."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8980","article-title":"Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on initiation and promotion of GST-P-positive foci in rat liver: A quantitative analysis of experimental data using a stochastic model","volume":"167","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.0094","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of enzyme-altered liver foci in rats initiated with diethylnitrosamine and promoted with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin","volume":"138","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.8.1271","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of enzyme-altered foci in rat hepatocarcinogenesis experiments\u2014I. Single agent regimen","volume":"11","year":"1990","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(79)90005-1","article-title":"Two-event models for carcinogenesis: Incidence curves for childhood and adult tumors","volume":"47","year":"1979","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/16.8.1699","article-title":"Decreased expression of glutathione S-transferases and increased fatty change in peroxisomal enzyme-negative foci induced by clofibrate in rat livers","volume":"16","year":"1995","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib26","first-page":"1506","article-title":"Reduction and enhancement by phenobarbital of hepatocarcinogenesis induced in the rat by 2-acetylaminofluorene","volume":"31","year":"1971","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/10915818209013136","article-title":"Rat liver foci bioassay","volume":"1","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Toxicol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/271456a0","article-title":"Biochemical characterisation of stages of hepatocarcinogenesis after a single dose of diethylnitrosamine","volume":"271","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623389017004105","article-title":"Critical parameters in the quantitation of the stages of initiation, promotion, and progression in one model of hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat","volume":"17","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.028","article-title":"Irreversible global DNA hypomethylation as a key step in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by dietary methyl deficiency","volume":"593","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.73.3.365","article-title":"Conditional neoplasms and subthreshold neoplastic states","volume":"73","year":"1941","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)60214-6","article-title":"Glutathione transferases as markers of preneoplasia and neoplasia","volume":"52","year":"1989","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623389017004109","article-title":"Effects of non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens phenobarbital and nafenopin on phenotype and growth of different populations of altered foci in rat liver","volume":"17","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib34","first-page":"5127","article-title":"DNA synthesis, apoptosis, and phenotypic expression as determinants of growth of altered foci in rat liver during phenobarbital promotion","volume":"50","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(95)00133-6","article-title":"Role of receptors in human and rodent hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"333","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/14.9.1747","article-title":"Inhibition by gonadectomy of effects of 2-acetylaminofluorene in livers of male, but not female rats","volume":"14","year":"1993","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.2002.1567","article-title":"A Wistar rat strain prone to spontaneous liver tumor development: Implications for carcinogenic risk assessment","volume":"36","year":"2002","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/15.6.1235","article-title":"Dose and time dependence of the cellular phenotype in rat hepatic preneoplasia and neoplasia induced by continuous oral exposure to N-nitrosomorpholine","volume":"15","year":"1994","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib39","first-page":"87","article-title":"The corpuscle problem. A mathematical study of a biometrical problem","volume":"17","year":"1925","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170508161434_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623389017004111","article-title":"The significance of chemically-induced hepatocellular altered foci in rat liver and application to carcinogen detection","volume":"17","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Toxicological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/article-pdf\/99\/2\/446\/16693676\/kfm183.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T08:03:56Z","timestamp":1556697836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm183","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-6080","1096-0929"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-6080","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-0929","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]]}}}