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An in vitro high-throughput screening assay for TPO inhibition, the Amplex UltraRed-TPO (AUR-TPO), has been used to screen the ToxCast chemical libraries for this action. Output from this assay would be most useful if it could be readily translated into an in vivo response, namely a reduction of TH in serum. To this end, the relationship between TPO inhibition in vitro and serum TH decreases was examined in rats exposed to 2 classic TPO inhibitors, propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI). Serum and gland PTU, MMI, and TH levels were quantified using tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Thyroperoxidase activity was determined in thyroid gland microsomes treated with PTU or MMI in vitro and ex vivo from thyroid gland microsomes prepared from exposed animals. A quantitative model was constructed by contrasting in vitro and ex vivo AUR-TPO results and the in vivo time-course and dose-response analysis. In vitro:ex vivo correlations of AUR-TPO outputs indicated that less than 30% inhibition of TPO in vitro was sufficient to reduce serum T4 by 20%, a degree of regulatory significance. Although further testing of model estimates using other TPO inhibitors is essential for verification of these initial findings, the results of this study provide a means to translate in vitro screening assay results into predictions of in vivo serum T4 changes to inform risk assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T20:10:52Z","timestamp":1573071052000},"page":"280-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Extrapolating In Vitro Screening Assay Data for Thyroperoxidase Inhibition to Predict Serum Thyroid Hormones in the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6031-3891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicity Assessment Division"},{"name":"National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisham","family":"El-Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory"},{"name":"Integrated Systems Toxicology Division"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jermaine","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory"},{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Research Core\/Research Cores Unit, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory"},{"name":"Analytical Chemistry Research Core\/Research Cores Unit, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakshi","family":"Handa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory"},{"name":"Integrated Systems Toxicology Division"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Paul Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Computational Toxicology, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicity Assessment Division"},{"name":"National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020110620012472300_kfz227-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.34","article-title":"Adverse outcome pathways: A conceptual framework to support ecotoxicology research and risk assessment","volume":"29","author":"Ankley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. 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