{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:04:18Z","timestamp":1790791458261,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Shoot branching substantially impacts vegetative and reproductive growth as well as wood characteristics in perennial woody species by shaping the shoot system architecture. Although plant hormones have been shown to play a fundamental role in shoot branching in annual species, their corresponding actions in perennial woody plants are largely unknown, in part due to the lack of branching mutants. Here, we demonstrated the role of plant hormones in bud dormancy transition toward activation and outgrowth in woody plants by comparing the physiological and molecular changes in the apical shoot stems of \u2018Yangkou\u2019 020 fir and \u2018Dugan\u2019 fir, two Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) clones with normal and completely abolished branching phenotypes, respectively. Our studies showed that the defect in bud outgrowth was the cause of failed shoot branching in \u2018Dugan\u2019 fir whereas apically derived signals acted as triggers of this ectopic bud activity. Further studies indicated that auxin played a key role in inhibiting bud outgrowth in \u2018Dugan\u2019 fir. During bud dormancy release, the differential auxin resistant 1\/Like AUX1 (AUX1\/LAX) and PIN-formed (PIN) activity resulted in an ectopic auxin\/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation in the apical shoot stem of \u2018Dugan\u2019 fir, which could inhibit the cell cycle in the axillary meristem by decreasing cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis but increasing abscisic acid (ABA) production and response through the signaling pathway. In contrast, during bud activation and outgrowth, the striking increase in auxin biosynthesis and PIN activity in the shoot tip of \u2018Dugan\u2019 fir may trigger the correlative inhibition of axillary buds by modulating the polar auxin transport stream (PATS) and connective auxin transport (CAT) in shoots, and by influencing the biosynthesis of secondary messengers, including CK, gibberellin (GA) and ABA, thereby inducing the paradormancy of axillary buds in \u2018Dugan\u2019 fir by apical dominance under favorable conditions. The findings of this study provide important insights into the roles of plant hormones in bud outgrowth control in perennial woody plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpac008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T07:15:06Z","timestamp":1643094906000},"page":"1411-1431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Roles of auxin in the inhibition of shoot branching in \u2018Dugan\u2019 fir"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8030-3153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology , , No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037 , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University , , No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology , , No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037 , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University , , No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037 , China"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , , No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037 , China"},{"name":"College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University , , No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8224-5957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology , , No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037 , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University , , No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022071112263173700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7652.2007.00284.x","article-title":"Stable expression of AtGA2ox1 in a low-input turfgrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) reduces bioactive gibberellin levels and improves turf quality under field conditions","volume":"5","author":"Agharkar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol 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