{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:31:51Z","timestamp":1790742711982,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Ministry of Agriculture, Agrifood and Forestry"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Xylem anatomy may change in response to environmental or biotic stresses. Vascular occlusion, an anatomical modification of mature xylem, contributes to plant resistance and susceptibility to different stresses. In woody organs, xylem occlusions have been examined as part of the senescence process, but their presence and function in leaves remain obscure. In grapevine, many stresses are associated with premature leaf senescence inducing discolorations and scorched tissue in leaves. However, we still do not know whether the leaf senescence process follows the same sequence of physiological events and whether leaf xylem anatomy is affected in similar ways. In this study, we quantified vascular occlusions in midribs from leaves with symptoms of the grapevine disease esca, magnesium deficiency and autumn senescence. We found higher amounts of vascular occlusions in leaves with esca symptoms (in 27% of xylem vessels on average), whereas the leaves with other symptoms (as well as the asymptomatic controls) had far fewer occlusions (in 3% of vessels). Therefore, we assessed the relationship between xylem occlusions and esca leaf symptoms in four different countries (California in the USA, France, Italy and Spain) and eight different cultivars. We monitored the plants over the course of the growing season, confirming that vascular occlusions do not evolve with symptom age. Finally, we investigated the hydraulic integrity of leaf xylem vessels by optical visualization of embolism propagation during dehydration. We found that the occlusions lead to hydraulic dysfunction mainly in the peripheral veins compared with the midribs in esca symptomatic leaves. These results open new perspectives on the role of vascular occlusions during the leaf senescence process, highlighting the uniqueness of esca leaf symptoms and its consequence on leaf physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpac133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T10:39:22Z","timestamp":1669199962000},"page":"441-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Esca grapevine disease involves leaf hydraulic failure and represents a unique premature senescence process"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7528-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Bortolami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, BSA, ISVV, SAVE , 33882 Villenave d\u2019Ornon , France"},{"name":"Naturalis Biodiversity Center , PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Th e Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, BSA, ISVV, SAVE , 33882 Villenave d\u2019Ornon , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, , Davis, CA 95616 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Delzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO , 33615 Pessac , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1755-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gramaje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of La Rioja and Government of La Rioja Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), , Logro\u00f1o 26007 , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1430-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent J","family":"Lamarque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO , 33615 Pessac , France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res D\u00e9partement des Sciences de l\u2019Environnement, , Qu\u00e9bec, G9A 5H7 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0390-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Romanazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marche Polytechnic University Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, , Ancona , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8838-5050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory A","family":"Gambetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, ISVV , 33882 Villenave d\u2019Ornon , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3568-605X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chlo\u00e9 E L","family":"Delmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, BSA, ISVV, SAVE , 33882 Villenave d\u2019Ornon , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031012360167500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.19.00591","article-title":"Exploring the hydraulic failure hypothesis of esca leaf symptom formation","volume":"181","author":"Bortolami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2023031012360167500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3914","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erab117","article-title":"Seasonal and long-term consequences of esca grapevine disease on stem xylem integrity","volume":"72","author":"Bortolami","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ex Bot"},{"key":"2023031012360167500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2112825118","article-title":"Grapevines under drought do not express esca leaf symptoms","volume":"118","author":"Bortolami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2023031012360167500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.023879","article-title":"Stomatal closure during leaf dehydration, correlation with other leaf physiological traits","volume":"132","author":"Brodribb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2023031012360167500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13846","article-title":"Visual quantification of embolism reveals leaf vulnerability to hydraulic failure","volume":"209","author":"Brodribb","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2023031012360167500_","first-page":"543","article-title":"Grapevine leaf stripe disease symptoms (esca complex) are reduced by a nutrient and seaweed mixture","volume":"53","author":"Calzarano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytopathol Mediterr"},{"key":"2023031012360167500_","first-page":"761","article-title":"Presence of tyloses at the blade\/sheath junction in senescing leaves of Lolium temulentum L","volume":"56","author":"Chaffey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Bot"},{"key":"2023031012360167500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9490227","article-title":"The development of tyloses and secretion of gum in heartwood formation","volume":"2","author":"Chattaway","year":"1949","journal-title":"Aust J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2023031012360167500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2009.01231.x","article-title":"The effects of Pierce\u2019s disease on leaf and petiole hydraulic conductance in Vitis vinifera cv","volume":"136","author":"Choat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chardonnay. 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