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They display diverse perforation-plate types and pit structures; however, the extent to which these anatomical features contribute to their adaptation to coastal environments remains unclear. In this study, we quantified 27 traits, representing hydraulics, anatomy and pit characteristics, in eight woody mangrove species from Hainan, Southern China, including four simple-perforation (SI) and four scalariform-perforation (SC) plate species. All species exhibited high xylem embolism resistance (P50: \u22124.39 to \u22126.65\u00a0MPa) but relatively low hydraulic efficiency (Ks-max: 0.65 to 1.87\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22121\u00a0s\u22121\u00a0MPa\u22121). We found an overall trade-off between hydraulic safety and efficiency; species with greater embolism resistance had narrower conduits, thicker vessel walls and higher fractions of axial parenchyma. These species also exhibited more negative minimum water potentials (\u03a8min: \u22122.90 to \u22123.98\u00a0MPa) and wider hydraulic safety margins (1.56 to 3.01\u00a0MPa) than species with lower embolism resistance. Although no significant differences were observed in hydraulic function or most xylem anatomy between SI and SC species, likely due to substantial within-group variations, pit architecture differed markedly. The SI species had smaller, more densely packed pits compared with SC species. Additionally, variations in pit aperture size and shape well explained interspecific differences in hydraulic safety but not hydraulic efficiency. Our findings highlight that enhanced hydraulic safety, rather than efficiency, underpins mangrove adaptation to hypersaline environment through reinforcement both anatomical and pit architecture. While perforation plate morphology influences pit architecture, it does not appear to affect hydraulic function directly. Further research, including a broader taxonomic range, is necessary to clarify how variations in perforation-plate types modulate hydraulic performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpag049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T11:40:45Z","timestamp":1776944445000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Xylem anatomy and pit architecture but not perforation-plate types shape hydraulic strategies against hypersaline and drought stress in eight woody mangroves"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9568-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Stability and Global Change, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Menglun Town, Mengla, Yunnan 666303 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0902-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecological Conservation, Restoration and Resource Utilization in Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Forestry , No. 18 Xinghui West Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University , No. 100 East Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Longmenshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China , Suojiang Town, Pingwu, Sichuan 622550 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9105-640X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan","family":"Choat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University , 50 Bourke Street, Richmond, New South Wales 2753 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy Ny Aina","family":"Aritsara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Stability and Global Change, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Menglun Town, Mengla, Yunnan 666303 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University , No. 100 East Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Menglun Town, Mengla, Yunnan 666303 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2253-7189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunfang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University , No. 100 East Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5753-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Stability and Global Change, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Menglun Town, Mengla, Yunnan 666303 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Menglun Town, Mengla, Yunnan 666303 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lijiang Town, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061512390684600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16969","article-title":"Increasing axial parenchyma fraction in the Malagasy magnoliids facilitated the co-optimisation of hydraulic efficiency and safety","volume":"229","author":"Aritsara","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2026061512390684600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004630994_009","article-title":"Some functional and adaptive aspects of vessel member 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