{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:51:45Z","timestamp":1791597105677,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic","award":["CZ.02.01.01\/00\/22_008\/0004635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.01.01\/00\/22_008\/0004635"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037n8p820","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CzeCOS program","award":["LM2023048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2023048"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) (EC) can enhance photosynthesis, biomass accumulation and water-use efficiency (WUE), but responses depend on water and nutrient availability and differ among tree species. Multifactorial studies addressing these interactions remain scarce. We examined interactive effects of EC (~700\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121), nitrogen supply (nitrogen addition, N+; no nitrogen addition, N\u2212) and water availability (well-watered, WW; drought-stressed, DS) on physiological and metabolic responses of more anisohydric European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which maintains stomatal opening longer during drought, and more isohydric Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), which closes stomata earlier to stabilize leaf water status. Across both species, EC produced the largest shifts in gas exchange and metabolite profiles, while water and nitrogen availability strongly modified these responses. Elevated CO2 generally increased net CO2 assimilation and WUE and reduced stomatal conductance, although responses differed between species and treatments; WUE was highest under EC\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0DS\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0N+. Species divergence was most evident in biochemical acclimation. In beech, EC markedly reduced photosynthetic capacity, reflected in lower Rubisco carboxylation capacity (VCmax) and electron transport rate (Jmax) across water and nitrogen treatments. This response was accompanied by lower succinate and foliar nitrogen and by resource-dependent shifts in amino acids, phenolic and stress-related metabolites, consistent with greater metabolic reorganization and photosynthetic downregulation. In contrast, spruce maintained comparatively stable VCmax and Jmax under EC, including under DS and N\u2212 conditions, together with comparatively stable primary metabolism and sustained phenolic-based defence. Overall, beech showed greater physiological and metabolic flexibility but stronger downregulation of photosynthetic capacity under EC, whereas spruce maintained a more conservative physiological strategy and greater biochemical stability. These contrasting responses highlight species-specific acclimation to CO2 enrichment and its modulation by water and nitrogen availability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpag125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:28:25Z","timestamp":1788521305000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conservative versus flexible physiological and metabolic acclimation of Norway spruce and European beech under elevated CO2, nitrogen supply and water availability"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Kojo Kwakye","family":"Ofori-Amanfo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , B\u011blidla 986\/4a, Brno 603 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Klem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , B\u011blidla 986\/4a, Brno 603 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno , Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1665\/1, Brno 613 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Holub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , B\u011blidla 986\/4a, Brno 603 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Vesel\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , B\u011blidla 986\/4a, Brno 603 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Oravec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , B\u011blidla 986\/4a, Brno 603 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krist\u00fdna","family":"Ve\u010de\u0159ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , B\u011blidla 986\/4a, Brno 603 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Agyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , B\u011blidla 986\/4a, Brno 603 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources , Sunyani\u2013Berekum Road (Fiapre), Sunyani Municipal District, Post Office Box 214, Sunyani BS-0061-2164 ,","place":["Ghana"]},{"name":"Earth Observation, Research and Innovation Center, University of Energy and Natural Resources , Sunyani\u2013Berekum Road (Fiapre), Sunyani Municipal District, Post Office Box 214, Sunyani BS-0061-2164 ,","place":["Ghana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"S\u00e1ndor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , B\u011blidla 986\/4a, Brno 603 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Jur\u00e1\u0148","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , B\u011blidla 986\/4a, Brno 603 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Grace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences , B\u011blidla 986\/4a, Brno 603 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh , Crew Bldg, Kings Bldgs, Alexander Crum Brown Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FF 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