{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:25:16Z","timestamp":1791296716305,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development","award":["R21-HD060524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21-HD060524"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and both geophagy and cognitive function of children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study prospectively followed singleton children whose mothers participated in the MiPPAD clinical trial in Allada, Benin, from birth to age 12\u2009months. Anthropometric measurements were taken at birth and 9 and 12\u2009months. Wasting, stunting and underweight were defined as weight-for-length, length-for-age and weight-for-age Z-scores less than \u22122, respectively. Cognitive and motor functions were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Parent-reported geophageous habits of children were collected when the children were 12\u2009months. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to analyse the data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 632 children (49.7% girls) were involved in the study. Stunting, wasting and underweight were observed in 14.1%, 13.6% and 17.7%, respectively, at 9\u2009months and 17.3%, 12.7% and 17.2%, respectively, at 12\u2009months. The prevalence of geophagy among the children was 48.2%. Impaired growth at 9 and 12\u2009months was consistently associated with low cognitive and gross motor (GM) score. Children stunted at 9\u2009months had lower GM scores at 12\u2009months compared with their non-stunted peers (\u03b2 = \u22123.48, 95% confidence interval \u22126.62 to \u22120.35).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stunting, wasting and underweight are associated with cognitive and GM deficits in infants. In this setting, impaired growth was not associated with geophagy. Further research evaluating geophagy and growth prospectively and concurrently from birth to 36\u2009months is needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmaa009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T20:09:28Z","timestamp":1579637368000},"page":"517-527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Relationship between Stunting, Wasting, Underweight and Geophagy and Cognitive Function of Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2157-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael O","family":"Mireku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, 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