{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T23:33:18Z","timestamp":1781825598131,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Few congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) cases have been notified in Ecuador and, to our knowledge, there are no significant published studies dealing with their clinical evolution. We present a detailed clinical characterization of 21 children with congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection born in Ecuador who were followed up until September 2019.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We did a retrospective longitudinal study of children attended by the infectious disease specialists of Francisco Icaza Bustamante Children\u2019s Hospital (Guayaquil) due to congenital ZIKV infection suspicion. The inclusion criteria consisted of laboratory confirmed diagnosis of congenital ZIKV infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sixteen of these 21 cases of congenital ZIKV infection showed clinical, neuroimaging and laboratory findings strongly suggestive of CZS and 5 children showed laboratory findings compatible with congenital ZIKV infection without congenital manifestations associated to CZS. All children with CZS showed neurodevelopmental delay, spasticity and hyperreflexia during follow-up, whereas the majority of them (14\/15) experienced recurrent epileptic seizures and dysphagia (12\/13). Two CZS cases died during follow-up. Visual evoked potential and hearing screening with acoustically evoked auditory brainstem response were abnormal in 50% and 37.5% of CZS cases, respectively. Congenital ZIKV infection without findings consistent with CZS at birth was not clinically relevant at 23\u2009months of age in the five cases of our cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe neurodevelopmental delay, severe microcephaly, epileptic seizures and dysphagia were present at 2\u2009years of age in most CZS cases of our cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmaa066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T19:20:52Z","timestamp":1595445652000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long-Term Outcomes of Infants with Congenital Zika Virus Infection in Ecuador: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3717-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Boyano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Garc\u00eda-Segovia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Department, Francisco Icaza Bustamante Children\u2019s Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Men\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamila","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Department, Francisco Icaza Bustamante Children\u2019s Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Bustamante-Amador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Department, Valdepe\u00f1as General Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianella","family":"Layana-Coronel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Department, Francisco Icaza Bustamante Children\u2019s Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Caballero-Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mostoles University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Sol\u00f3rzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Department, Francisco Icaza Bustamante Children\u2019s Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalton","family":"Sol\u00eds-Montiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Department, Francisco Icaza Bustamante Children\u2019s Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Mi\u00f1o-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Department, Francisco Icaza Bustamante Children\u2019s Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072906204816400_fmaa066-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i657","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i657","article-title":"Zika virus is a global public health emergency, declares WHO","volume":"352","author":"Gulland","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021072906204816400_fmaa066-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602113","article-title":"Zika virus","volume":"374","author":"Petersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021072906204816400_fmaa066-B3","author":"Subsecretaria Nacional de Vigilancia de la Salud P\u00fablica","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021072906204816400_fmaa066-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30497-3","article-title":"Familiar barriers still unresolved-a perspective on the Zika virus outbreak research 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