{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T20:00:04Z","timestamp":1789243204207,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID-19 is uncommon and less severe in children than adults. It is thought that infants may be at higher risk for severe disease than older children. There is a paucity of literature on infants with COVID, particularly those with severe disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We describe demographic, epidemiologic, clinical, radiological, laboratory features and outcomes of infants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pune, India<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were admitted between 1 April 2020 and 7 August 2020 were included in the study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 13 infants were admitted during the study period. The median age was 8\u2009months (IQR 6) and nine were male. Common presenting features were fever (n\u2009=\u20098, 62%), poor feeding, irritability, and runny nose (n\u2009=\u20093, 23%). Comorbidities noted were severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in three cases (23%) and nutritional megaloblastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, sickle thalassemia and renal calculi in one case (8%) each. There was a history of low birth weight in two cases (15%). Pallor was noted in three cases (23%), SAM in three cases (23%) and tachypnea and respiratory distress in four cases (30%). Severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated ferritin, abnormal procalcitonin, abnormal C Reactive Protein and deranged D-dimer was noted in three cases (23%) each. Neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio was normal in all cases. Three infants (43%) had evidence of pneumonia on the chest radiograph, of which one had adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) like pattern, one infant had cardiomegaly and perihilar infiltrates. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were given to five patients (38%), Intravenous Immunoglobulin\u00a0and methylprednisolone were administered to one patient (8%). One infant died of ARDS with multi-organ dysfunction with refractory shock and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SAM and anemia may be associated with severe COVID in infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmaa084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T11:13:44Z","timestamp":1599304424000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Severe Malnutrition and Anemia Are Associated with Severe COVID in Infants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday","family":"Rajput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Dawre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naresh","family":"Sonkawade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somendra","family":"Sonteke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balaji","family":"Varvatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K C","family":"Aathira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailas","family":"Gadekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Nakate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Kagal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarti","family":"Kinikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021031111253933600_fmaa084-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03684-7","article-title":"SARS-COV-2 infection in children and newborns: a systematic review","volume":"179","author":"Liguoro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021031111253933600_fmaa084-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20200702","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0702","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China","volume":"145","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021031111253933600_fmaa084-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2007617","article-title":"Coronavirus Infection in Pediatric Emergency Departments (CONFIDENCE) Research Group. 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