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This study assessed the clinical and laboratory outcomes found in a case series of immunocompetent children who tested positive for parvovirus B19 by qualitative polymerase chain reaction assays of cerebrospinal fluid, in a tertiary referral center in the western Brazilian Amazon. We screened 178 children with clinically diagnosed central nervous system infections (meningoencephalitis). Of these, five (2.8%) were positive for parvovirus B19. A literature review also presented herein identified a further 50 cases of parvovirus B19 with neurological manifestations. Thus, even if the classic signs of parvovirus B19 infection are absent, such as the well-known rash, children with signs of neurological infection should also be evaluated for parvovirus B19 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmab078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T11:32:52Z","timestamp":1631100772000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neurological Manifestations Associated with Parvovirus B19 Infection in Immunocompetent Children: Case Series and Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Vin\u00edcius Silva","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Carlos Borborema, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djane 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