{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:39:09Z","timestamp":1772120349890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Medical University Undergraduate Research Fund","award":["BDN 1\/2016 (14)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BDN 1\/2016 (14)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children with identified developmental disabilities (IDD) experience a higher risk of growth retardation. Anthropometric indicator is one common objective measurement used to determine malnutrition in those children. A comprehensive nutritional assessment tool should be introduced to offer a more robust approach in understanding their nutritional problems.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the use of Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment (SGNA) as a nutrition assessment tool for children with IDD in comparison to the anthropometric indicators.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in local community settings. IDD included in this study were autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP). SGNA and anthropometry measurements including weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfolds were performed on 93 children with IDD (40 ASD, 26 DS and 27 CP) aged 5\u201318 years. Cohen\u2019s Kappa, sensitivity, specificity and its 95% confidence interval were calculated between SGNA and anthropometric indicators for the agreement in determining malnutrition status of the children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SGNA identified a lower prevalence of malnutrition in children with IDD in comparison to the use of anthropometric indicators. SGNA obtained a moderate-to-fair agreement (above 80% agreement, except height-for-age parameter) and sensitivity (25.71\u201359.09%) against the use of a single anthropometric indicator in identifying the malnutrition status of the children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The use of SGNA as an adjunct to body mass index-for-age as an anthropometric measurement for diagnosing malnutrition in children and adolescents with IDD is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmac007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T12:14:13Z","timestamp":1643199253000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnosis of Malnutrition in Children and Adolescents with Identified Developmental Disabilities (IDD) Using Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment (SGNA)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3364-0111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu Hwa","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B1","author":"Institute for Public Health 2020"},{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13139","article-title":"The association between malnutrition and childhood disability in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"23","author":"Hume-Nixon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B3","author":"UNICEF (United Nations Children\u2019s Fund) Malaysia","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607113479972","article-title":"Defining pediatric malnutrition: a paradigm shift toward etiology-related definitions","volume":"37","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1204","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1652","article-title":"Growth charts for children with Down syndrome in the U.S","volume":"136","author":"Zemel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20130081","article-title":"National growth charts for United Arab Emirates children with Down syndrome from birth to 15 years of age","volume":"25","author":"Aburawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304494","article-title":"Growth charts for Chinese Down syndrome children from birth to 14 years","volume":"99","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.87.2.97","article-title":"Growth charts for Down\u2019s syndrome from birth to 18 years of age","volume":"87","author":"Myrelid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e299","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2801","article-title":"Low weight, morbidity, and mortality in children with cerebral palsy: new clinical growth charts","volume":"128","author":"Brooks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x","article-title":"Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"39","author":"Palisano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2022020822412091000_fmac007-B11","author":"US Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. 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