{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:20:00Z","timestamp":1753878000128,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Research Institute"},{"name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some evidence suggests toxoplasmosis as an etiology of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children; however, no observational study evaluated this relationship. In a case\u2013control study, we enrolled 35 children with NS and 37 healthy children. All participants were examined for anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also systematically reviewed the literature to assess this relationship. Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG was 17.4% and 13.5% in cases and controls, respectively, indicating a non-significant association (adjusted odds ratio, 1.22, 95% confidence interval, 0.35\u20134.41). No subjects were seropositive for IgM. In a systematic review, we found that acute toxoplasmosis can induce NS in some children and anti-Toxoplasma treatment is effective in the remission of NS in these cases. In pediatrics with NS, acute toxoplasmosis should be considered as a neglected causative factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmac067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T06:08:45Z","timestamp":1660198125000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>Infection and Nephrotic Syndrome Risk in Children: A Case\u2013Control Study and Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Hadi","family":"Sorkhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Mollalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University , Berea, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Bijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Mehravar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Pournasrollah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Sadr Moharerpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1358-1321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00380116","article-title":"Ethnic differences in incidence and outcomes of childhood nephrotic syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Banh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2304-8","article-title":"Treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children: new guidelines from KDIGO","volume":"28","author":"Lombel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v10.i5.88","article-title":"Trends in pediatric nephrotic syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp536","article-title":"Quartan malaria-associated childhood nephrotic syndrome: now a rare clinical entity in malaria endemic Nigeria","volume":"25","author":"Olowu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab177","article-title":"Toxocariasis-associated urinary system diseases: a systematic review of reported cases","volume":"116","author":"Ardekani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652012000200001","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome associated with toxoplasmosis: report of seven cases","volume":"54","author":"Toporovski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90203","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090203","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis\u2014a global threat. Correlation of latent toxoplasmosis with specific disease burden in a set of 88 countries","volume":"9","author":"Flegr","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(74)80117-4","article-title":"Congenital nephrotic syndrome associated with congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"85","author":"Shahin","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652014000600008","article-title":"Serological markers of viral, syphilitic and toxoplasmic infection in children and teenagers with nephrotic syndrome: case series from Mato Grosso State, Brazil","volume":"56","author":"Soares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1972.tb15866.x","article-title":"Coincidence of congenital toxoplasmosis and acute nephritis with nephrotic syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Wickbom","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1979.02130080082017","article-title":"Congenital glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome in two infants: speculations and pathogenesis","volume":"133","author":"Beale","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198909000-00008","article-title":"Case report: disseminated toxoplasmosis presenting as symptomatic orchitis and nephrotic syndrome","volume":"298","author":"Haskell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198801000-00022","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis associated with nephrotic syndrome in an adult","volume":"81","author":"Oseroff","year":"1988","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v43i3.782","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome with a nephritic component associated with toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent young man","volume":"43","author":"Barrios","year":"2012","journal-title":"Colomb Med"},{"key":"2022081106082822400_fmac067-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1983.15.issue-3.12","article-title":"Determination of IgG, IgM and IgA antibody responses in human toxoplasmosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)","volume":"15","author":"Turunen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Tropical Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tropej\/article-pdf\/68\/5\/fmac067\/45323168\/fmac067.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tropej\/article-pdf\/68\/5\/fmac067\/45323168\/fmac067.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T05:41:28Z","timestamp":1727761288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tropej\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/tropej\/fmac067\/6660808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tropej\/fmac067","relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-6338","1465-3664"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0142-6338"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1465-3664"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"article-number":"fmac067"}}