{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T10:01:12Z","timestamp":1766138472854,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The primary objective was to compare serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels in cases of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthy age\u2013gender-matched controls. The secondary objective was to compare serum IL-1RA levels in cases which were positive or negative for Streptococcus pneumoniae in the blood by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Hospitalized children with World Health Organization defined CAP, aged 2\u201359\u2009months, were included as cases. Healthy controls were recruited from the immunization clinic of the hospital. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to detect serum IL-1RA levels. Identification of S.pneumoniae in blood was done by RT-PCR. From October 2019 to October 2021, 330 cases (123, 37.27% female) and 330 controls (151, 45.75% females) were recruited. Mean serum IL-1RA levels (ng\/ml) were 1.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.95 in cases and 0.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25 in controls (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Within cases, serum IL-1RA levels were significantly higher in those whose RT-PCR was positive for S.pneumoniae. Thus serum IL-1RA levels may be evaluated as a surrogate marker of S.pneumoniae in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmad040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T16:39:07Z","timestamp":1700757547000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels in children with and without community acquired pneumonia: a hospital based case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, King George\u2019s Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-9802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shally","family":"Awasthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, King George\u2019s Medical University , Lucknow, 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