{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:00:56Z","timestamp":1789621256003,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Candidemia is emerging as a significant concern in children, particularly among those with underlying conditions like malignancies or prematurity. The interpretation of epidemiological data on candidemias and their antifungal resistance plays a vital role in aiding diagnosis and guiding clinicians in treatment decisions. From 2014 to 2021, a retrospective analysis was conducted in \u0130stanbul, Turkey; comparing Candida albicans and non-albicans (NAC) spp in both surviving and deceased groups. Furthermore, an examination of Candida parapsilosis and other species was performed, assessing various clinical and laboratory parameters. Among 93 patients, with a median age of 17\u2009months, C. parapsilosis emerged as the predominant isolated species (44%), followed by C. albicans (34.4%). Resistance to fluconazole, voricanozole, and echinocandins, along with a history of broad-spectrum antibiotic use were found to be significantly higher in the non-albicans Candida group compared to C. albicans group. In the C. parapsilosis group, statistically lower age was identified in comparison to the other groups (P\u2009=\u2009.018). In addition, high fluconazole and voriconazole resistance was detected in Candida parapsilosis spp. Our study highlights a notable prevalence of C. parapsilosis, particularly in younger children, which is different from similar studies in childhood. This trend may be attributed to the common use of total parenteral nutrition and central venous catheter in gastrointestinal disorders and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, as anticipated, high azole resistance is noted in C. parapsilosis and other non-albicans Candida species. Interestingly, resistance to both amphotericin B and echinocandins within this group has been notably high. It is crucial to emphasize the considerable antifungal resistance seen in C. parapsilosis isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmae015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T23:59:40Z","timestamp":1723679980000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Emerging trends in pediatric candidemia: mapping the rise in <i>Candida parapsilosis<\/i> incidence and antifungal resistance in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7143-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"\u00d6nal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Deniz","family":"Ayg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6zde Apayd\u0131n","family":"Sever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beste Akdeniz","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcl\u015fen","family":"Kes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6519-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Ayg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanyel","family":"Z\u00fcbario\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6mer Faruk","family":"Be\u015fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00fcheyla","family":"Ocak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Yazgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c7i\u011fdem Aktuglu","family":"Zeybek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"Ayg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","family":"Camc\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haluk","family":"\u00c7oku\u011fra\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, \u0130stanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12792","article-title":"Candidemia in children: epidemiology, prevention and management","volume":"61","author":"Mantadakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315399","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis","volume":"373","author":"Kullberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy358","article-title":"Twenty years of the SENTRY Antifungal Surveillance Program: results for Candida species from 1997-2016","volume":"6","author":"Pfaller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1086\/596757","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"48","author":"Pappas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx066","article-title":"Survey of laboratory practices for diagnosis of fungal infection in seven Asian countries: an Asia Fungal Working Group \u0130nitiative","volume":"56","author":"Chindamporn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05474-11","article-title":"Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream fungal isolates in pediatric patients: a Spanish Multicenter Prospective Survey","volume":"49","author":"Pem\u00e1n","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002530","article-title":"Etiology and outcome of candidemia in neonates and children in Europe: an 11-year multinational retrospective study","volume":"39","author":"Warris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B8","author":"Sarah"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01464.x","article-title":"Nosocomial candidemia in children, results of a 9-year study","volume":"51","author":"\u00c7elebi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B10"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B11","first-page":"20499361231224980","article-title":"Update on therapeutic approaches for invasive fungal infections in adults","volume":"11","author":"Boutin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B12","volume-title":"European society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkPediatriArs.2017.5291","article-title":"Evaluation of Candida species and antifungal susceptibilities among children with invasive candidiasis","volume":"52","author":"S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk Pediatri Ars"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12288","article-title":"Candidaemia in a paediatric centre and importance of central venous catheter removal","volume":"58","author":"Karadag-Oncel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2020.101082","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility, species distribution and risk factors associated with mortality of invasive candidiasis in children in Turkey: a six-year retrospective, single-centre study","volume":"31","author":"Yakut","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mycol Med"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020078","article-title":"Trends in pediatric candidemia: epidemiology, anti-fungal susceptibility, and patient characteristics in a children\u2019s hospital","volume":"7","author":"Piqueras","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03994-6","article-title":"Change in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of candidemias in an intensive care unit of a university hospital (10-year experience)","volume":"40","author":"Mete","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010019","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of invasive candidiasis in children during a 10-year period","volume":"5","author":"Noni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.03.002","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. isolated from pediatric patients: a survey of 4 children\u2019s hospitals","volume":"52","author":"Zaoutis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780500421476","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological aspects of candidemia due to Candida parapsilosis in Brazilian tertiary care hospitals","volume":"44","author":"Brito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa502","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis species distribution and trends, United States, 2009-2017","volume":"223","author":"Ricotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B22","first-page":"2173","article-title":"Azole antifungal resistance in Candida albicans and emerging non-albicans Candida species","volume":"7","author":"Whaley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B23","first-page":"183","article-title":"Susceptibility of clinical Candida species isolates to antifungal agents by E-test, Southern Iran: a five year study","volume":"3","author":"Badiee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran J Microbiol"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10933","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.24.10933","article-title":"Candida non albicans with a high amphotericin B resistance pattern causing candidemia among cancer patients","volume":"15","author":"Kalantar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.284-292.2005","article-title":"Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis spp. nov. to replace Candida parapsilosis groups II and III","volume":"43","author":"Tavanti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-013-9616-5","article-title":"Candidemia by species of the Candida parapsilosis complex in children\u2019s hospital: prevalence, biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility","volume":"175","author":"Ruiz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14949","article-title":"Biofilm of Candida albicans; formation, regulation and resistance","volume":"131","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00199","article-title":"Antifungal drug resistance: molecular mechanisms in Candida albicans and beyond","volume":"121","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540902777105","article-title":"Recent experience with fungaemia: change in species distribution and azole resistance","volume":"41","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Candidemia in a pediatric population: a 10-year \u0131ndian study","volume":"3","author":"Adhikary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2019-0531","article-title":"The yeast, the antifungal, and the wardrobe: a journey into antifungal resistance mechanisms of Candida tropicalis","volume":"66","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00214","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00214-18","article-title":"Molecular analysis of resistance and detection of non-wild-type strains using etest epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B and echinocandins for bloodstream Candida infections from a tertiary hospital in Qatar","volume":"62","author":"Taj-Aldeen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2021.03.007","article-title":"Candida auris fungemia and a local spread taken under control with infection control measures: first report from Turkey","volume":"39","author":"Kurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2021.101210","article-title":"Epidemiology of candidemia in NICE area, France: a five-year study of antifungal susceptibility and mortality","volume":"32","author":"Vannini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mycol Med"},{"key":"2024081423593193700_fmae015-B35","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Journal of Tropical Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tropej\/article-pdf\/70\/5\/fmae015\/58821338\/fmae015.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tropej\/article-pdf\/70\/5\/fmae015\/58821338\/fmae015.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T23:59:57Z","timestamp":1723679997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tropej\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/tropej\/fmae015\/7733786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tropej\/fmae015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-3664"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-3664","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]]},"article-number":"fmae015"}}