{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:20:12Z","timestamp":1753878012351,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2016S-1636","TMA2020CDF-3198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2016S-1636","TMA2020CDF-3198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pneumonia remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low- and middle-income countries. Poor outcomes are associated with undernutrition. Nutritional supplementation may be beneficial. We examined the effect of supplementation with lipid-based ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) on the body composition of children with severe pneumonia. Non-severely malnourished children (6\u201359\u2009months) with severe pneumonia enrolled into the Children\u2019s Oxygen Administration Strategies and Nutrition trial in Uganda and Kenya, and randomized to receive a diet supplemented with RUTF (500 Kcal\/day) for 56\u2009days versus usual diet alone (control) were included. We assessed arm anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis at admission and days 28, 90, and 180 of follow-up. We used mixed effects linear regression to compare body composition between groups. We included 737 participants (369 in intervention; 368 in control group). The median age was 16\u2009months (IQR; 9, 26), and 58.1% were male. Overall, baseline mean arm fat area (AFA), arm muscle area, and arm muscle circumference were 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8 cm2, 11.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3 cm2, and 12.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 cm2, respectively. The mean fat mass and fat-free mass calculated in 116 participants were 5.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u2009kg and 5.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u2009kg, respectively. There were modest increases in most body composition parameters. RUTF significantly increased AFA at days 28 and 90 but not at day 180 (P-value\u2009=\u2009.03, .02, and .99, respectively). RUTF did not change other body composition parameters. Despite initial increases in AFA, RUTF did not change the body composition of children with severe pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmaf010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T00:03:41Z","timestamp":1740269021000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of nutritional supplementation with lipid-based therapeutic food on body composition of non-severely malnourished African children aged 6\u201359 months hospitalized with severe pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1862-8109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damalie","family":"Nalwanga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Central Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Makerere University Lung Institute , Kampala, Central Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Musiime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Central Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]},{"name":"Research Department, Joint Clinical Research Center , Wakiso, Central Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kiguli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Central Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5757-609X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Olupot-Olupot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mbale Clinical Research Institute , Mbale, Eastern Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University , Tororo, Eastern Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Alaroker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soroti Regional Referral Hospital , Soroti, 256,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Opoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Central Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi , Nairobi, Nairobi County, 254,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abner","family":"Tagoola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Jinja Regional Referral Hospital , Jinja, 256,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hellen","family":"Mnjala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme , Kilifi, 254,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christabel","family":"Mogaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme , Kilifi, 254,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Nabawanuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Central Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Giallongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre , London, +44,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Karamagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Central Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Central Region, 256,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9390-8541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Briend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University , Tampere, Pirkanmaa, 358,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University , Tampere, Pirkanmaa, 358,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Kobenhavn, +45,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Maitland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme , Kilifi, 254,","place":["Kenya"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Institute of Global Health and Innovation, Imperial College London , London, +44,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030420305386500_fmaf010-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00176-2","volume":"24","author":"Bender","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect 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