{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:09:46Z","timestamp":1790370586311,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AI135114-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI135114-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K24AI166087-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K24AI166087-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children globally, and antibiotics are often inappropriately used in the management of pediatric diarrhea. This study explores how parents\u2019 expectations influence the prescription of antibiotics for pediatric diarrhea in Bangladesh. We used qualitative methods to explore parents\u2019 expectations when bringing their child with diarrhea to hospital and how physicians perceive and manage expectations. We conducted interviews with 36 parents and 18 hospital physicians across three hospitals. Data analysis followed an applied thematic analysis framework. Parents expected a higher quality of care in the hospital setting, including diagnostic testing, medication, and psychosocial support. Most parents did not expect antibiotics as treatment for pediatric diarrhea, yet most parents expressed a belief that antibiotics were superior to other medications. Physicians recognized this parental belief about antibiotic superiority, but some mistakenly assumed parents universally expected antibiotics. Physicians stated that the most common form of managing parents\u2019 expectations is via educational counseling. Physicians\u2019 assumptions that parents expect to receive antibiotics may lead to inappropriate antibiotic prescription and be a source of frustration for both parties. Shared decision-making interventions can assist physicians in exploring and managing parent expectations to promote antibiotic stewardship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmaf044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T19:50:02Z","timestamp":1762890602000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Parents\u2019 expectations for the management of pediatric diarrhea in the clinical setting: perspectives of parents and physicians in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0306-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A","family":"Dallas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Honors College, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84113,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Mangadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84132,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti Bhushan","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9331-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84132,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahid Hasan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9142-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Ashraful","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishtiakul Islam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Taufiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debashish","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health System and Population Studies Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]},{"name":"School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA, 6009,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Saeed","family":"Munim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health System and Population Studies Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ridwan Mustafa","family":"Shihab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health System and Population Studies Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Nawsher","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) , Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahmina","family":"Shirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) , Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Putnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honors College, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84113,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, 32209,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel T","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, 84132,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraful Islam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, 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