{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:54:05Z","timestamp":1785941645263,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neonatal jaundice (NJ) is a common condition that may progress to serious complications such as kernicterus. Probiotics can also be used for treatment of jaundice by their effect on intestinal motility and microbial flora of the intestine. We aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in pathological neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. A randomized, parallel-group comparative study was conducted on 44 neonates with confirmed pathological unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tanta University Hospital (Egypt) between May 2024 and April 2025. Participants were randomized (1:1) into two groups: phototherapy alone (control group n\u2009=\u200922) and phototherapy plus oral Bacillus clausii probiotic (probiotic group n\u2009=\u200922). Demographic data and bilirubin fractions were recorded. The primary outcome was the change in bilirubin levels; secondary outcomes included inflammatory biomarkers. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Both groups exhibited significant declines in total serum bilirubin and indirect bilirubin, but only the probiotic group showed a significant reduction in direct bilirubin. By the end of treatment, the probiotic group showed a significantly greater reduction in lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 levels compared with the control group. Hospital stay was significantly shorter with probiotic therapy (3.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.18 vs 6.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.14\u2009days; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Bacillus clausii supplementation alongside phototherapy significantly enhanced bilirubin reduction, decreased inflammatory markers, and shortened hospitalization, supporting its role as a beneficial adjunct therapy in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmag047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T11:42:00Z","timestamp":1781782920000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of\n                    <i>Bacillus clausii<\/i>\n                    as an adjuvant therapy in pathological neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the Nile Delta region of Egypt: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4625-4061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samah S M","family":"Hussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University , Tanta 31527,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0882-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahar M","family":"El-Haggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University , Tanta 31527,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4516-926X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahar K","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University , Tanta 31527,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A","family":"Rowisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta 31527,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080510162987200_fmag047-B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neonatal jaundice","volume":"13","author":"Assoku","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement.: Diagn. 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