{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:17:52Z","timestamp":1788455872687,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a life-threatening complication of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children. Evidence on the optimal duration of antibiotics in this population is limited. We investigated whether 5-day antibiotic therapy is non-inferior to 7-day therapy for SBP in children with INS. In this single-center, open-label, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial, 50 children aged 1\u201314\u2009years with INS and SBP were allocated 1:1 to intravenous ceftriaxone for 5\u2009days (Group A, n\u2009=\u200925) or 7\u2009days (Group B, n\u2009=\u200925). The primary outcome was composite clinical response (resolution of fever, abdominal pain, and tenderness) at the end of treatment, analyzed by intention-to-treat. The pre-specified non-inferiority margin was \u221215%. Secondary outcomes included bacteriological cure, cytological response, and the need for additional antibiotics. Fifty children [median age 50 (30.8\u201392) months] were randomized. Composite clinical response was achieved in 25\/25 (100%) in Group A versus 22\/25 (88%) in Group B (risk difference 12%, 95% CI \u22123.5% to 30.0%; P\u2009=\u20090.23); the lower CI bound exceeded the \u221215% non-inferiority margin, establishing non-inferiority. Bacteriological cure was achieved in 96% of both groups. Cytological response (64% vs 72%; P\u2009=\u20090.54) was inconclusive for non-inferiority. Additional or modified antibiotic therapy was required in 16% versus 20% (P\u2009=\u20091.00). Median hospitalization was comparable (10 vs 11\u2009days; P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). No ceftriaxone-related adverse events were recorded. Five-day intravenous ceftriaxone is non-inferior to 7-day therapy for SBP in children with INS, with respect to composite clinical response; the secondary outcome of cytological response was inconclusive for non-inferiority.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmag060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:14:53Z","timestamp":1786706093000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of 5-day versus 7-day antibiotic therapy for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: an open-label randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Hijam","family":"Kherojit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh 160012,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4253-3385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesa","family":"Dawman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh 160012,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pujitha","family":"Vallabhaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh 160012,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarchie","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh 160012,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallab","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh 160012,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muralidharan","family":"Jayashree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh 160012,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0918-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karalanglin","family":"Tiewsoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh 160012,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090312273564900_fmag060-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14184-0","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in childhood","volume":"362","author":"Eddy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026090312273564900_fmag060-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.73.4.497","article-title":"Minimal change nephrotic syndrome in children: deaths during the first 5 to 15 years\u2019 observation. 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