{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:50:42Z","timestamp":1791571842677,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","award":["V114-032\/PNEU-ERA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V114-032\/PNEU-ERA"]}]},{"name":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","award":["NCT04193215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCT04193215"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are a major contributor to infant morbidity globally. We aimed to identify modifiable behavioral risk factors for ARI among infants in a tropical, resource-limited setting. This prospective cohort study enrolled healthy term infants (\u223c2\u2009months old) at Songklanagarind Hospital. The primary exposures included four modifiable factors during the first 6\u2009months of life: exclusive breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, pacifier usage, and passive smoking. We used multiple Poisson regression models to identify factors associated with the frequency of ARI between 6 and 12\u2009months of age. A cohort of 671 infants was enrolled, of whom 271 (40.3%) experienced at least one episode of ARI between 6 and 12\u2009months of age, with the majority (69.7%) experiencing only one episode. Infants who were bottle-fed during the first 6\u2009months of life had a higher risk of ARI compared with those who were not [incidence rate ratio (IRR)\u2009=\u20091.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05\u20131.82, P\u2009=\u2009.025], and the risk increased with longer duration of bottle use. A similar trend was observed with pacifier use, which was associated with an increased risk of ARI (IRR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.71, P\u2009=\u2009.031). While most participants were breastfed and exposed to passive smoking during the first 6\u2009months, no significant associations with ARI were identified. Bottle-feeding and pacifier use were associated with 37% and 33% increases in risk of ARI, respectively. These findings can inform child health supervision and preventive care guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmag067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:11:54Z","timestamp":1790334714000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modifiable risk factors for acute respiratory tract infections in infants: evidence from a cohort study in Southern Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Papak","family":"Veerajitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla 90110,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6428-2305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamolwish","family":"Laoprasopwattana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla 90110,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanlaya","family":"Koosakulchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla 90110,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemmapon","family":"Chumchuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Medical Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla 90110,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9888-0565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nattaporn","family":"Tassanakijpanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla 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