{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:10:44Z","timestamp":1777363844564,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to show the effects of routine vs. selective fortification of human milk (HM) on short-term growth and metabolic parameters.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Single-centre retrospective pre\u2013post cohort study in India. Preterm infants \u226432 weeks\u2019 gestation and weighing \u22641500 g were included. Routine fortification: pre-fixed feed volume (100\u2009ml\/kg\/day in our unit) at which fortification was done. Selective fortification: feed volume was gradually optimized till 180\u2013200\u2009ml\/kg\/day. If weight gain was below the expected threshold (&lt;10\u2009g\/kg\/day), then fortification was considered. Primary outcome measure was rate of growth till discharge.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The median rate of weight gain (g\/kg\/day) in the routine fortification group [10.8 (3.3, 17.1)] was comparable with that in the selective fortification group [8.4 (0, 14.2), p\u2009=\u20090.6]. Serum phosphorus showed a significantly higher value (5.9 vs. 4.8, p\u2009=\u20090.03), while rest of the metabolic parameters showed a trend towards a favourable outcome in the selective fortification group. Adverse outcomes showed a trend towards decreased feed intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis in the selective fortification group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Selective fortification had a comparable growth rate and showed a trend towards better metabolic parameters and lesser adverse outcomes compared with routine fortification of HM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmy074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T21:06:42Z","timestamp":1542402402000},"page":"439-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Routine versus Selective Fortification of Human Milk with Powdered Human Milk Fortifiers in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Pre\u2013Post Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"DM","given":"Gopal","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Cloudnine Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"DM","given":"Sanjay","family":"Wazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Cloudnine Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"DNB","given":"Surender","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Cloudnine Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"MD","given":"Bir Singh","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Cloudnine Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"DCH","given":"Manish","family":"Balde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Cloudnine Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199308000-00008","article-title":"The immune system of human milk: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties","volume":"12","author":"Goldman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e350","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.14-7-e350","article-title":"Scientifically based strategies for enteral feeding in premature infants","volume":"14","author":"Parker","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeoReviews"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B3","volume-title":"Nutrition of the Preterm Infant. Scientific Basis and Practical Guidelines","author":"Tsang","year":"2005","edition":"2"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B4","first-page":"CD000343","article-title":"Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants","volume":"5","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211571","article-title":"Adjustable fortification of human milk fed to preterm infants: does it make a difference?","volume":"26","author":"Arslanoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-007-0144-5","article-title":"Fortified human milk in the small for gestational age neonate","volume":"74","author":"Gathwala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B7","first-page":"297","article-title":"Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula-Tennessee 2001","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.4.833","article-title":"Infant formula safety","volume":"110","author":"Baker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B9","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Infant Feedings: Guidelines for Preparation of Human Milk and Formula in Health Care Facilities","author":"Steele","year":"2011","edition":"2"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.10.040","article-title":"An exclusively human milk-based diet is associated with a lower rate of necrotizing enterocolitis than a diet of human milk and bovine milk-based products","volume":"156","author":"Sullivan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182a208c7","article-title":"Effect of fortifiers and additional protein on the osmolarity of human milk: is it still safe for the premature infant?","volume":"57","author":"Kreissel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B12","first-page":"1400","article-title":"Effect of fortification on the osmolality of human milk","volume":"89","author":"Janjindamai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B13","volume-title":"WHO: Guidelines on Optimal Feeding of Low Birth-Weight Infants in Low-and Middle-Income Countries","year":"2011"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B14","volume-title":"Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guidelines","author":"Shenoi","year":"2010"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B15","first-page":"329","article-title":"New clinical practice guideline on enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants; second part","volume":"30","author":"Fernandez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.059741","article-title":"Impact of standardised feeding regimens on incidence of neonatal necrotising enteocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"90","author":"Patole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0521","article-title":"Prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a 20-year experience","volume":"119","author":"Pietz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B18","volume-title":"Fanarof and Martin\u2019s Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant","author":"Martin","year":"2011","edition":"9"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181adaee0","article-title":"Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition committee on nutrition","volume":"50","author":"Agostoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B20","first-page":"286","article-title":"Effect of human milk fortification in appropriate for gestation and small for gestation preterm babies: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B21","first-page":"30","article-title":"Effect of fortification of breast milk on the growth of preterm neonates","volume":"17","author":"Gathwala","year":"2012","journal-title":"East J Med"},{"key":"2019100305315930300_fmy074-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e928","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3120","article-title":"A new liquid human milk fortifier and linear growth in preterm infants","volume":"130","author":"Moya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Tropical Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tropej\/article-pdf\/65\/5\/439\/30096591\/fmy074.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T05:32:10Z","timestamp":1570080730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tropej\/article\/65\/5\/439\/5240952"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tropej\/fmy074","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-3664"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-3664","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]]}}}