{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:03:41Z","timestamp":1787162621085,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Gangetic plains of India, including Delhi, cholera is endemic. On 10 May 2018, staff at the north Delhi district surveillance unit identified a laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak when five people tested positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype in Bhadola. We investigated to identify risk factors and recommend prevention measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We defined a case as \u22653 loose stools within 24 h in a Bhadola resident during 1 April\u201329 May 2018. We searched for cases house-to-house. In a 1\u2009:\u20091 unmatched case control study, a control was defined as an absence of loose stools in a Bhadola resident during 1 April\u201329 May 2018. We selected cases and controls randomly. We tested stool samples for Vibrio cholerae by culture. We tested drinking water for fecal contamination. Using multivariable logistic regression we calculated adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% CIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 129 cases; the median age was 14.5 y, 52% were females, 27% were hospitalized and there were no deaths. Symptoms were abdominal pain (54%), vomiting (44%) and fever (29%). Among 90 cases and controls, the odds of illness were higher for drinking untreated municipal water (aOR=2.3; 95% CI 1.0 to 6.2) and not knowing about diarrhea transmission (aOR=4.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 21.1). Of 12 stool samples, 6 (50%) tested positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype. Of 15 water samples, 8 (53%) showed growth of fecal coliforms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak associated with drinking untreated municipal water and lack of knowledge of diarrhea transmission triggered public health action in Bhadola, Delhi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traa059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T15:17:47Z","timestamp":1596467867000},"page":"762-769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cholera outbreak investigation, Bhadola, Delhi, India, April\u2013May 2018"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Akhileshwar","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Division, National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi-110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Division, National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi-110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7186-0516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanzin","family":"Dikid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Division, National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi-110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekta","family":"Saroha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divison of Global Health and Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, New Delhi-110021, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naresh Chand","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department, Maharishi Valmiki Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kingsway Camp, Delhi-110009, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Sagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"District Surveillance Unit District North, Delhi-110006, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delhi Health Services, North Delhi, Delhi-110006, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suneet","family":"Bindra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Division, National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi-110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Khasnobis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Division, National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi-110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhir 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