{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T18:24:22Z","timestamp":1751912662193,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201 900\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201 900\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201 900\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201 900\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Podoconiosis is a form of leg swelling, which arises when individuals are exposed over time to red clay soil formed from alkaline volcanic rock. The exact causal agent of the disease is unknown. This study investigates associations between podoconiosis disease data and ground-sampled soil data from North West Cameroon.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mineralogy and elemental concentrations were measured in the soil samples and the data were spatially interpolated. Mean soil values were calculated from a 3 km buffer region around the prevalence data points to perform statistical analysis. Analysis included Spearman's rho correlation, binary logistic regression and principal component analysis (PCA).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Six elements, barium, beryllium, potassium, rubidium, strontium and thallium, as well as two minerals, potassium feldspar and quartz, were identified as statistically related to podoconiosis. PCA did not show distinct separation between the spatial locations with or without recorded cases of podoconiosis, indicating that other factors such as shoe-wearing behaviour and genetics may significantly influence podoconiosis occurrence and prevalence in North West Cameroon.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several soil variables were statistically significantly related to podoconiosis. To further the current study, future investigations will look at the inflammatory pathway response of cells after exposure to these variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traa138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T12:09:29Z","timestamp":1604318969000},"page":"937-946","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Linking soils and human health: geospatial analysis of ground-sampled soil data in relation to community-level podoconiosis data in North West Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Gislam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment & Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0416-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N G","family":"Burnside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment & Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3576-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Brolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment & Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-6996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K","family":"Deribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Developmental Studies and School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2796-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Developmental Studies and School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Wanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C E","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Environmental Science and Mining, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4604-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S J","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0379-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M J","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1529-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J S","family":"Le Blond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kikuchi Consulting Arlington, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020121600040280400_bib1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Endemic elephantiasis: early signs and symptoms, and control","volume":"21","author":"Price","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"key":"2020121600040280400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005864","article-title":"Soil iron and aluminium concentrations and feet hygiene as possible predictors of podoconiosis occurrence in Kenya","volume":"11","author":"Muli","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS NeglTrop Dis"},{"key":"2020121600040280400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(78)90048-2","article-title":"The elemental content of lymphatic tissues of barefooted people in Ethiopia, with reference to endemic elephantiasis of the lower legs","volume":"72","author":"Price","year":"1978","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2020121600040280400_bib4","first-page":"165","article-title":"Podoconiosis in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. 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