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They have different geographical distributions within mycetoma-endemic regions. In parts of Latin America, Nocardia species are more often encountered while in Africa, Streptomyces species dominate. For instituting a proper patient treatment plan, accurate identification of the causative organism is vital. For actinomycetoma, different laboratory-based techniques have been developed during recent decades. These include direct microscopy, cytology, histopathology and serology. More recently, different molecular techniques and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry have been included as diagnostic methods for actinomycetoma. In this review, an update on the laboratory techniques currently in use for the identification of actinomycetoma-causative agents to the species level is presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traa176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T20:50:26Z","timestamp":1608238226000},"page":"355-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Actinomycetoma laboratory-based diagnosis: a mini-review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel Edwar","family":"Siddig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy W J","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious 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