{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:52:01Z","timestamp":1784825521215,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The molecular epidemiology of resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are important in the study of multidrug-resistant bacteria. We evaluate the prevalence of the different mechanisms of CRE in a hospital in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carbapenem non-susceptible isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested by real-time PCR for the detection of genes responsible for beta-lactam resistance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were a total of 200 isolates with carbapenem non-susceptibility and these were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=96, 48%), Escherichia coli (n=51, 25.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=45, 22.5%). The detected carbapenemases were oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48) (n=83, 41.5%), New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (NDM) (n=19, 2.5%) and both NDM and OXA-48 (n=5, 2.5%). The other carbapenemases were imipenemase (n=1, 0.5%), Verona integrin encoded metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (n=6, 3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (n=1, 0.5%), but none were detected in 86 isolates (43%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The most common carbapenemases were OXA-48 and a significant percentage had no detectable genes. These data will help in the selection of new antimicrobial therapies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T20:13:35Z","timestamp":1615234415000},"page":"50-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Genotypes and prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> in a hospital in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaffar A","family":"Al-Tawfiq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit , Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, 31311 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202 Indianapolis, IN, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21093 Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali A","family":"Rabaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, 31311 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin V","family":"Saunar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, 31311 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M","family":"Bazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, 31311 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031008052581800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13100-018-0141-4","article-title":"Carbapenemases on the move: it's good to be on ICEs","volume":"9","author":"Botelho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mob DNA"},{"key":"2022031008052581800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2019.07.002","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa \u2013 Mechanisms, epidemiology and evolution","volume":"44","author":"Botelho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"2022031008052581800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30755-8","article-title":"Molecular and clinical epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in the USA (CRACKLE-2): a prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"van Duin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022031008052581800_bib4","first-page":"207","article-title":"Emergence of Escherichia coli isolates producing NDM-1 carbapenemase from waterfowls in Hainan island, China","author":"Rehman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2022031008052581800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2020012","article-title":"Emerging superbugs: the threat of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIMS Microbiol"},{"key":"2022031008052581800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2016.01.014","article-title":"Rates of gastrointestinal tract colonization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitals in Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"Abdalhamid","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"2022031008052581800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.05.004","article-title":"Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia. 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