{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:33:32Z","timestamp":1790379212829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304691\/2018-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304691\/2018-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Scorpion envenoming is relatively frequent in tropical and subtropical regions and potentially fatal. We aimed to identify risk factors for fatal scorpion envenoming among Brazilian children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A case\u2013control study investigated all fatal cases of scorpion envenoming among children up to 10\u00a0y old, reported to the Brazilian Diseases Surveillance System between 1 January 2007 and 18 July 2016. Controls were randomly sampled from children who survived the envenoming over this period. Data were analysed using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 254 cases and 1083 controls investigated, the identified risk factors were age \u22645\u00a0y, occurred in a rural area, time-to-treatment \u22653\u00a0h, treatment with scorpion antivenom (SAV) but either excessive or insufficient number of vials, treatment with antivenom that was neither SAV nor anti-spider and no antivenom administered compared with the standard recommended treatment. Treatment effectiveness at preventing fatal scorpion envenoming was 77.0% when time-to-treatment was &amp;lt;3\u00a0h and 75% in children 9\u201310\u00a0y of age. SAV was 63% effective at preventing death when administered early at the recommended dosage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fatal scorpion envenoming was associated with younger age, incident occurring in a rural area, late treatment and inadequate antivenom treatment. SAV was effective at preventing death when administered early.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T03:13:39Z","timestamp":1626837219000},"page":"975-983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Risk factors for fatal scorpion envenoming among Brazilian children: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Caroline C","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Bas\u00edlio da Gama, s\/n, Salvador, 40110-040, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0969-0170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando M","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Largo do Terreiro de Jesus, s\/n Centro Hist\u00f3rico, Salvador, 40026-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5273-1548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukari F","family":"Mise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Bas\u00edlio da Gama, s\/n, Salvador, 40110-040, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021090403005760400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S24754","article-title":"Emerging options for the management of scorpion stings","volume":"6","author":"Chippaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021090403005760400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2016.08.003","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological aspects of scorpionism in the world: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"2021090403005760400_bib3","volume-title":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. 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