{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T03:15:26Z","timestamp":1771643726917,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a tropical infection with a relatively high incidence rate in Iran. The present study aimed to explore the time trend and associated factors of CL in Dezful, in southwest Iran.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This case series study was conducted on all CL patients registered from 2014 to 2019. The descriptive analysis of the data was done using SPSS 20 software and the time series model on the number of cases was run through Interactive Time Series Modeling software.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 5349 leishmaniasis cases were identified in the study area during 2014\u20132019. The highest incidence rate was 35\u2009840 per 100\u00a0000 in 2014. The fitted time series model revealed a decreasing trend with an annual periodic pattern. The mean age of infection was 19.82\u00a0y (standard deviation 21.87). The infection was most frequent in the 1\u201310\u00a0y age group (41.7%). Also, females were more prone to leishmaniasis (54.7%). Most lesions were located on the hand (23.1%), face (19.7%), and forearm (17.75%) and 48.5% of patients had only one lesion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results revealed a decreasing trend of leishmaniasis in Dezful. It has been predicted that this infection will reach a minimum rate (300 per 100\u00a0000) in the winter of 2021.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T03:07:28Z","timestamp":1635044848000},"page":"538-544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epidemiological and clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and its time trend model in a high-endemic focus of disease in the southwest of Iran from 2014 to 2019"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Hossien","family":"Khosrotaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 7153675541, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tayebeh","family":"Rakhshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 7153675541, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahin","family":"Nazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 7153675541, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Gheibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 7153675541, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0717-2561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aboozar","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, 7153675541, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2022060111122915700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0139391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139391","article-title":"Spatial distribution of sand fly vectors and eco-epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in Colombia","volume":"10","author":"Ferro","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022060111122915700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.233010","article-title":"Co-detection and isolation of Leishmania and Crithidia among naturally infected Tatera indica (Rodentia: muridae) in Fars province, southern Iran","volume":"8","author":"Kalantari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022060111122915700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39957","DOI":"10.17795\/semj39957","article-title":"The effect of educational intervention on preventive behaviors towards cutaneous leishmaniasis at Kharameh City in 2014","volume":"17","author":"Nazari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shiraz E-Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022060111122915700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86445","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.86445","article-title":"Epidemiologic profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis between 2010\u20132016 in an endemic area of Fars Province, South Iran","volume":"20","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shiraz E-Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022060111122915700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652013000600011","article-title":"Usefulness of kDNA PCR in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis reactivation in co-infected patients","volume":"55","author":"Nicodemo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"2022060111122915700_bib6","volume-title":"Leishmaniasis","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022060111122915700_bib7","first-page":"65","article-title":"Isoenzyme characterization of Iranian Leishmania isolates from cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"29","author":"Hatam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Iran J Sci Technol Trans A Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022060111122915700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022060111122915700_bib9","first-page":"87","article-title":"Molecular identification of Leishmania species in Torbat-e Heydarieh, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran","volume":"5","author":"Naseri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Med Res Health Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022060111122915700_bib10","first-page":"69","article-title":"Identification of Leishmania species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) in Kharve, Iran","volume":"1","author":"Saadabadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rep Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2022060111122915700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S535","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60672-1","article-title":"Molecular identification of Leishmania species in Taybad district, Iran","volume":"4(Suppl 2)","author":"Ghodratollah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022060111122915700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8274","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.8274","article-title":"Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Torghabeh-Shandiz, a region with rural texture (a molecular study)","volume":"6","author":"Hoseini Farash","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"2022060111122915700_bib13","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022060111122915700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.johe.3.1.45","article-title":"An eco-epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Dezful, Iran, during 2004\u20132011","volume":"3","author":"Hashemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Occup Health Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022060111122915700_bib15","first-page":"822","article-title":"Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Khuzestan Province, Iran, from 2011 to 2015: brief report","volume":"76","author":"Jafarinia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tehran Univ Med J"},{"key":"2022060111122915700_bib16","first-page":"19","article-title":"Drought forecasting based on the standardized precipitation index using time series models in Fars Province","volume-title":"Iran Water Res J","author":"Jahandideh","year":"2012"},{"key":"2022060111122915700_bib17","volume-title":"ITSM: an interactive time series modelling package for the PC","author":"Brockwell","year":"2012"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022060111122915700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2016.05.005","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran: results from an epidemiological study in urban and rural provinces","volume":"6","author":"Norouzinezhad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022060111122915700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-018-1027-6","article-title":"Bionomics of phlebotomine sand flies species (Diptera: psychodidae) and their natural infection with Leishmania and Crithidia in Fars province, southern Iran","volume":"42","author":"Kalantari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022060111122915700_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiologic characteristics and time trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in cities under the surveillance of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","volume":"16","author":"Hatami","year":"2018","journal-title":"J School Public Health Inst Public Health Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022060111122915700_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khatam, Yazd province, 2004\u20132013","volume":"10","author":"Barati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paramed Sci Milit Health"},{"key":"2022060111122915700_bib22","first-page":"859","article-title":"Epidemiology and incidence of leishmaniasis in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia (2007\u20132015): an overview","volume":"6(5)","author":"Sirdar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Entomol Zool Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022060111122915700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99207","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099207","article-title":"Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Algeria: an update","volume":"9","author":"Adel","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022060111122915700_bib24","first-page":"59","article-title":"Epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis and factors affecting it in South Khorasan province, 1391\u20131395 (2012\u20132016)","volume":"16","author":"Abdollahzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Jahrom Univ Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022060111122915700_bib25","first-page":"94","article-title":"An epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Andimeshk (2005\u20132010)","volume":"21","author":"Nejati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci J Ilam Univ Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022060111122915700_bib26","first-page":"46","article-title":"Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city of Hawizeh in 2014\u20132015","volume":"4","author":"Jayrvnd","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Health Field"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022060111122915700_bib27","first-page":"37","article-title":"Survey prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakdasht county in 2012","volume":"12","author":"Maghsoud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pajouhan Sci J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022060111122915700_bib28","first-page":"100","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gonbad Kavoos, north of Iran (2009\u201311): an epidemiological study","volume":"14","author":"Sofizadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gorgan Univ Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022060111122915700_bib29","first-page":"50","article-title":"Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ilam province","volume":"36","author":"Roghani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022060111122915700_bib30","first-page":"516","article-title":"Survey the cutaneous leishmaniasis prevalence in Mashhad during the past twenty years (1995\u20132014) and the effect of environmental risk factors on that","volume":"58","author":"Galavizade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022060111122915700_bib31","first-page":"1742","article-title":"Investigation of visceral leishmaniasis among 192 dog carcasses killed by road accidents in Khorasan Razavi, northeastern Iran during 2014\u20132016","volume":"47","author":"Moghaddas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022060111122915700_bib32","first-page":"879","article-title":"A survey on psychiatric disorders in patients improved cutaneous leishmaniasis In the city of Rafsanjan in 2014","volume":"14","author":"Torkashvand","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022060111122915700_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.3.699","article-title":"Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: a longitudinal study of the natural history, prevalence, and incidence of infection and clinical manifestations","volume":"168","author":"Weigle","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022060111122915700_bib34","first-page":"250","article-title":"Identification of Leishmania species isolated from human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gonbad-e-Qabus city using a PCR method during 2006\u20132007","volume":"68","author":"Mesgarian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tehran Univ Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022060111122915700_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(12)60057-7","article-title":"Progressive increasing of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kashan district, central Iran","volume":"2","author":"Doroodgar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022060111122915700_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"An epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis with emphasis on incidence rate in Kashan, Isfahan province","volume":"21","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ilam Univ Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022060111122915700_bib37","first-page":"83","article-title":"Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qom Province, Iran, during 2003\u20132009","volume":"6","author":"Saghafipour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qom Univ Med Sci J"},{"key":"2022060111122915700_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0758-9","article-title":"Epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Saesie Tsaeda-emba district, eastern Tigray, northern Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"Bsrat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022060111122915700_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2401.170358","article-title":"Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak, Waziristan, Pakistan","volume":"24","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/116\/6\/538\/43915105\/trab166.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/116\/6\/538\/43915105\/trab166.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T11:13:21Z","timestamp":1654082001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article\/116\/6\/538\/6430418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/trstmh\/trab166","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9203","1878-3503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9203","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-3503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]}}}