{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1777710031629,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43TW009343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW009343"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005595","name":"University of California","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Improvements in technology could facilitate task-shifting and ocular disease screening in rural areas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Visual acuity (VA) was tested using a Ministry of Health 3-m VA card. Anterior segment photographs were taken using a three-dimensional printed cellphone attachment and remotely graded.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 326 photographed eyes, 1 was ungradable. Of 123 eyes with non-refractive visual impairment, cataract was identified in 35.8%, pterygium in 41.5%, corneal opacity in 5.7% and phthisis in 2.4%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While the cause of visual impairment cannot be determined without a posterior segment examination, the smartphone attachment proved to be easy to use by non-specialist workers and identified anterior segment pathology in most cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T11:09:32Z","timestamp":1635505772000},"page":"589-591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Telemedicine for screening eye disease in the remote Peruvian Amazon: proof-of-concept"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9948-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M","family":"Nesemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California , San Francisco 94158, USA"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London WC1E 7HT, UK"},{"name":"Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima 15102, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marleny","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Red de Salud Alto Amazonas , Yurimaguas 16501, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra L","family":"Talero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior de Oftalmolog\u00eda del Instituto Barraquer de Am\u00e9rica , Bogot\u00e1 110111, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harvy A","family":"Honorio-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Componente de Salud Ocular y Prevenci\u00f3n de la Ceguera, Ministerio de Salud , Lima 15072, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres G","family":"Lescano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima 15102, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy D","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California , San Francisco 94158, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022060111123108200_bib1","volume-title":"World report on vision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022060111123108200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.026","article-title":"The current state of teleophthalmology in the United States","volume":"124","author":"Rathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2022060111123108200_bib3","volume-title":"Directiva sanitario para el dise\u00f1o y uso de Cartillas de Medici\u00f3n de Agudeza Visual a tres metros","author":"Calle","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022060111123108200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.335","article-title":"Novel telemedicine device for diagnosis of corneal abrasions and ulcers in resource-poor settings","volume":"132","author":"Maamari","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022060111123108200_bib5","article-title":"Smartphone-based anterior segment imaging: a comparative diagnostic accuracy study of a potential tool for blindness prevalence surveys","author":"Kumar","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022060111123108200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_991_19","article-title":"Role of teleophthalmology to manage anterior segment conditions in vision centres of south India: EyeSmart study-I","volume":"68","author":"Misra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and 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