{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:13:37Z","timestamp":1790374417883,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease that affects the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, leading to gruesome complications if not treated early. As a neglected disease, it has received scant attention in developing curable drugs. Mycetoma treatment is still based on expert opinions in the absence of guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study aimed to determine and assess the disease treatment outcomes observed at Mycetoma Research Center, Sudan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, 75% of patients had eumycetoma, all of whom were treated with itraconazole and 37.4% underwent surgical excision, while 25% of the patients had actinomycetoma, 99.2% of whom were treated with a combination of cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate. The cure rate was 12.7% and 14.3% for patients with eumycetoma and actinomycetoma, respectively. Only 6.1% of eumycetoma patients underwent amputation. Remarkably, no patient with actinomycetoma underwent an amputation. Small lesions (OR=10.09, p&amp;lt;0.001) and good follow-up (OR=6.81, p=0.002) were positive predictors of complete cure. In terms of amputation, history of surgical recurrence at presentation (OR=3.67, p=0.020) and presence of grains (OR=7.13, p=0.012) were positive predictors, whereas small lesions were negative predictors (OR=0.06, p=0.009).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment of mycetoma was suboptimal, with a low cure rate despite a long treatment duration. Complete cure has a significant association with small lesions and good follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trac069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:10:16Z","timestamp":1659053416000},"page":"12-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Mycetoma management and clinical outcomes: the Mycetoma Research Center experience"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Esraa Abdelgadir","family":"Musa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115 , Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman Hassan","family":"Abdoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115 , Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar Mubarak","family":"Bakhiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum , Khartoum 11115 , Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashier","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115 , Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safa A","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115 , Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Hassan","family":"Fahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum , Khartoum 11115 , Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2023010309042695800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010274","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010274","article-title":"Detection of multiple mycetoma pathogens using fungal metabarcoding analysis of soil DNA in an endemic area of Sudan","volume":"16","author":"Hashizume","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023010309042695800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006391","article-title":"A holistic approach to the mycetoma management","volume":"12","author":"Bakhiet","year":"2018;","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023010309042695800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-018-0287-4","article-title":"Mycetoma: a clinical dilemma in resource limited settings","volume":"17","author":"Emmanuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023010309042695800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3030097","article-title":"The spectrum of clinical presentation","volume":"3","author":"Fahal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023010309042695800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005509","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005509","article-title":"Mycetoma: a global medical and socio-economic dilemma","volume":"11","author":"Fahal","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023010309042695800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2550","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002550","article-title":"Global burden of human mycetoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"van de Sande","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"2023010309042695800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx061","article-title":". 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