{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:40:37Z","timestamp":1784011237976,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Detection of Loa loa microfilariae in peripheral blood is insensitive given only 30% of individuals are microfilaraemic while 70% are amicrofilaraemic with a variety of clinical signs. Biomarkers may improve the diagnosis of loiasis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 545 individuals exposed to L. loa were analysed using clinical data collected through a questionnaire (requesting information on eye worm, Calabar swelling, pruritis) and detection of microfilariae, immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), DNA and antigens using microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results revealed that the rates of detection of L. loa microfilariae in the blood, of DNA by qPCR, of IgG4 by ELISA and of antigen by Western blot were 4.7%, 5.5%, 15.60% and 10.09%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study showed that clinical signs based on a questionnaire are highly subjective. Therefore it is imperative to use IgG4 and DNA biomarkers as well as antigens detected by Western blot to identify individuals infected with L. loa.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trac116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T23:07:21Z","timestamp":1671145641000},"page":"349-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Profile of loiasis infection through clinical and laboratory diagnostics: the importance of biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Roland","family":"Dieki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Centre International of Medical Research of Franceville , Franceville , Gabon"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM) , Franceville , Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E R","family":"Eyang Assengone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Centre International of Medical Research of Franceville , Franceville , Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Nsi Emvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM) , Franceville , Gabon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8321-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J P","family":"Akue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Centre International of Medical Research of Franceville , Franceville , 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