{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T23:07:29Z","timestamp":1780614449376,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG331-15AFR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG331-15AFR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major health problem in Yemen and is endemic in many rural areas across the country.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A community-based cross-sectional survey followed by unmatched case\u2013control comparisons was conducted among 612 participants in Utmah district, western Yemen. A total of 223 participants were included in the case\u2013control analysis to identify the significant risk factors. Skin scrapping samples were examined by microscopy and internal transcribed spacer 1 nested polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 33% (202\/612) of the participants had active skin lesions and\/or scars that met the clinical criteria for CL. A total of 90 (14.7%) participants had suspected active CL lesions; however, a prevalence of 8.7% (53\/612) was obtained based on molecular and parasitological examination, with Leishmania tropica being the only causative agent identified. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that being \u226410\u00a0y old, being female, living in houses with cracked walls, living in the presence of other family members with typical ulcerating skin diseases and sleeping outside were factors significantly associated with an increased likelihood of having CL. Moreover, keeping livestock on the ground floor of the house was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of having CL.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study reveals an alarmingly high prevalence of CL among the studied population. Therefore there is an urgent need for effective control measures and improved treatment efforts against this devastating disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trad044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T14:06:32Z","timestamp":1690207592000},"page":"823-838","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A disfiguring neglected tropical disease sweeps war-torn Yemen: a community-based study of prevalence and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis among rural communities in the western highlands"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Manal A","family":"Al-Ashwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3809-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wahib M","family":"Atroosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden , Aden , Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1531-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulelah H","family":"Al-Adhroey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University , Dhamar , Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assia A","family":"Al-Subbary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Public Health Laboratories , Ministry of Public Health and Population, Dhamar , Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2037-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lau","family":"Yee-Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2582-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesham M","family":"Al-Mekhlafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University , Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana\u2019a University , Sana\u2019a 1247 , 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