{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:06:21Z","timestamp":1790208381229,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ho Chi Minh City Department of Science and Technology","award":["37\/QD-SKHCN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37\/QD-SKHCN"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children are especially vulnerable to Toxocara infection and its severe complications; however, there have not been any published data on the disease prevalence and treatment effectiveness in the population of Vietnamese children. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis and explore factors associated with Toxocara infection in children aged 3\u201315 y in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sampling approach in public schools. Blood samples were collected, and toxocariasis cases were confirmed, based on a history of contact with dogs\/cats and positive anti-Toxocara antibody detection via ELISA. We calculated the percentage of seropositive children across gender, grade levels, districts and caregiver education. Multiple regression models were employed to identify potential risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anti-Toxocara antibodies were found in 14.2% of the 986 children studied. Significant variations in seropositivity were observed across grade levels, districts and caregiver education levels. Multivariable analysis identified caregiver education, contact with dogs\/cats and improper handling of pet feces as seropositivity risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was the first community-based prevalence study of toxocariasis in a pediatric population in Vietnam. Implementation of preventive measures such as public education, routine fecal examinations and chemotherapeutic treatment of animals is highly recommended.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trad102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T19:11:32Z","timestamp":1706037092000},"page":"384-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: results from a school-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6347-3273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thieu V","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine , 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital 2 , 14 Ly Tu Trong Str., Dist. 1, 71000, Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien T N","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine , 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duy K H","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine , 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y M L","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine , 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh V","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine , 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4748-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duc H","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine , 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan-Anh T","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine , 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2410-9177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong K","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine , 2 Duong Quang Trung Str., Dist. 10, 72500, Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2024060411464296800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2020.01039","article-title":"The global prevalence of Toxocara spp. in pediatrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Abedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr"},{"key":"2024060411464296800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2020.01.020","article-title":"Chapter twenty-two\u2014Seroprevalence of toxocara spp. infection in Southeast Asia and Taiwan","author":"Chou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024060411464296800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005308","article-title":"Global urbanization and the neglected tropical diseases","volume":"11","author":"Hotez","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS NeglTrop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024060411464296800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pit066","article-title":"Toxocariasis: a review for pediatricians","volume":"3","author":"Woodhall","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"04","key":"2024060411464296800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603496","article-title":"Toxocariasis in children: an update on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"12","author":"El-Sayed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024060411464296800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz011","article-title":"Prevalence of toxocariasis and its related risk factors in humans, dogs and cats in northeastern Iran: a population-based study","volume":"113","author":"Rezaiemanesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"12-13","key":"2024060411464296800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.07.004","article-title":"The epidemiology and public health importance of toxocariasis: a zoonosis of global importance","volume":"43","author":"Macpherson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024060411464296800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2020.58.4.387","article-title":"Seroprevalence of tissue and luminal helminths among patients in Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Vietnam, 2018","volume":"58","author":"De","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024060411464296800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1780-2","article-title":"Seroprevalence of fascioliasis, toxocariasis, strongyloidiasis and cysticercosis in blood samples diagnosed in Medic Medical Center Laboratory, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2012","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2024060411464296800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.05.037","article-title":"Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of street food vendors and consumers in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam","volume":"70","author":"Samapundo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024060411464296800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-020-00211-0","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection and associated risk factors among primary schoolchildren in rural Southern Thailand","volume":"48","author":"Phasuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024060411464296800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01332.x","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of Toxocara canis infection among mountain aboriginal schoolchildren living in contaminated districts in eastern Taiwan","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024060411464296800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v22i3.66","article-title":"A survey on the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in eosinophilic children of Northwest Iran","volume":"22","author":"Pourgholaminejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024060411464296800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13665","article-title":"The kinetic profile of clinical and laboratory findings and treatment outcome of patients with toxocariasis","volume":"26","author":"Phuc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024060411464296800_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical, laboratory characteristic, and treatment of human toxocariasis in northern Vietnam","volume":"17","author":"Thu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024060411464296800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/try051","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of toxocariasis in school children from Aragua State, Venezuela","volume":"112","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024060411464296800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0385-9","article-title":"Presence of anti-toxocara canis antibodies and risk factors in children from the Amecameca and Chalco regions of M\u00e9xico","volume":"15","author":"Cort\u00e9s","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"key":"2024060411464296800_bib18","first-page":"551","article-title":"Toxocara egg soil contamination and its seroprevalence among public school children in Los Ba\u00f1os, Laguna, Philippines","volume-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","author":"Fajutag","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024060411464296800_bib19","first-page":"1399","article-title":"The high prevalence of asymptomatic Toxocara infection among schoolchildren in Manado, Indonesia","volume":"36","author":"Hayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"2024060411464296800_bib20","first-page":"45","article-title":"Seroprevalence of toxocariasis in children in Kashmir, J&K State, India","volume":"3","author":"Dar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"2024060411464296800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4368659","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4368659","article-title":"Frequency of toxocariasis among patients clinically suspected to have visceral toxocariasis: a retrospective descriptive study in Sri Lanka","volume":"2017","author":"Iddawela","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024060411464296800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4314\/gmj.v49i2.3","article-title":"Sero-epidemiology of Toxocara Canis infection in children attending four selected health facilities in the Central region of Ghana","volume":"49","author":"Kyei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ghana Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024060411464296800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X11000666","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxocara infection in children and environmental contamination of urban areas in Paran\u00e1 State, Brazil","volume":"86","author":"Mattia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"2024060411464296800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2022.101801","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxocara canis infection in children aged 2-15 years from the southwest Iran","volume":"85","author":"Foroutan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024060411464296800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020028","article-title":"Toxocara infection: seroprevalence and associated risk factors among primary school children in central China","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"2024060411464296800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.03.018","article-title":"Seroprevalence, disease awareness, and risk factors for Toxocara canis infection among primary schoolchildren in Makoko, an urban slum community in Nigeria","volume":"146","author":"Gyang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024060411464296800_bib27","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxocara infection in association with different risk factors among children of 4-12 years old referred to some medical centers in Aras Free Zone, Northwest Iran","volume":"49","author":"Yousefi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024060411464296800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0506","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of child toxocariasis in the western Brazilian Amazon\u2014a population-based study","volume":"90","author":"Oliart-Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2024060411464296800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572089","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/572089","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with Toxocara canis infection in children","volume":"2013","author":"Romero N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024060411464296800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/46.6.327","article-title":"Seroprevalence of toxocara infection in school children in Shiraz, southern Iran","volume":"46","author":"Sadjjadi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024060411464296800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762000000200002","article-title":"Frequency of human toxocariasis in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria","volume":"95","author":"Ajayi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024060411464296800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652000000400010","article-title":"Toxocara seroprevalence in children from a subtropical city in Argentina","volume":"42","author":"Alonso","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"14","key":"2024060411464296800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.152.14.419","article-title":"Human toxocariasis and direct contact with dogs","volume":"152","author":"Wolfe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024060411464296800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30331-6","article-title":"Human toxocariasis","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/118\/6\/384\/58082925\/trad102.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/118\/6\/384\/58082925\/trad102.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:28:36Z","timestamp":1717547316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article\/118\/6\/384\/7585545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/trstmh\/trad102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9203","1878-3503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9203","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-3503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]}}}