{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:50:10Z","timestamp":1740138610969,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is well-documented that using immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids or cytokine blockers in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of co-infections. Here we systematically summarized the cases of COVID-19-associated parasitic infections (CAPIs) in Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 19 February 2020 to 10 May 2023, all studies on Iranian patients suffering from CAPIs were collected from several databases using a systematic search strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 540 records, 11 studies remained for data extraction. In this research, most of the studies were related to Lophomonas and Toxoplasma. Of 411 cases of CAPIs, toxoplasmosis (385 [93.7%]) had the highest rate of infection among Iranian patients, followed by blastocystosis (15 [3.6%]), fascioliasis (4 [0.97%]), leishmaniasis (3 [0.7%]), lophomoniasis (3 [0.7%]) and strongyloidiasis (1 [0.2%]). In general, Blastocystis enhanced diarrhoea in patients with COVID-19. Lophomonas, Toxoplasma and Strongyloides increased the severity of COVID-19, but Fasciola decreased its intensity. Patients with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis showed mild symptoms of COVID-19. Also, patients with a prior history of hydatid cysts were not affected by COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to the similar symptoms of some parasitic diseases and COVID-19 and immunosuppressive treatment regimens in these patients that may cause the reactivation or recurrence of parasitic infections, early diagnosis and treatment are required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trae001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T10:30:19Z","timestamp":1706610619000},"page":"350-358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Insights into parasites and COVID-19 co-infections in Iran: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Soheila","family":"Molaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil 56189-53141 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4455-1512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabnam","family":"Asfaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil 56189-53141 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Mashhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil 56189-53141 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behnam","family":"Mohammadi-Ghalehbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil 56189-53141 , Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil 56189-53141 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sohrab","family":"Iranpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil 56189-53141 , Iran"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil 56189-53141 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2024060411464299900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009620","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009620","article-title":"Dating first cases of COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"23","key":"2024060411464299900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28825","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14200-1","article-title":"Causes of respiratory failure in COVID-19 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