{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T21:05:38Z","timestamp":1770498338966,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis results from complex interactions among humans, dogs and environment. Brazil accounts for 97% of cases in the Americas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty years (2001\u20132020) of the endemic disease in the state of Rio de Janeiro were studied. Incidence, lethality, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were investigated, complemented with spatial methodologies (kernel and clusters).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ninety-seven human cases and 625 dogs were reported. Of the 92 cities, 22 were human endemic areas. The state had a low incidence level (0.6 per 100 000). Lethality was higher compared with the Brazilian average. More than 90% of infections occurred in urban areas. Most cases (66%) occurred in men. The predominant age groups were 0\u20134 y (28.7%) and 20\u201339 y (32.9%). Fever (89.5%), splenomegaly (83.2%) and hepatomegaly (76.8%) were the main clinical manifestations. Spatial analysis showed a displacement of the human endemic: in the first decade (2001\u20132010), cases were concentrated in the Metropolitan region, and in the second decade (2011\u20132020) in the M\u00e9dio Para\u00edba region of the state. Most of the endemic area (56.4%) had canine infections without reported human cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disorderly urbanisation and precarious living conditions favour the transmission of the disease. Changes in the environment and migratory processes contribute to its expansion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trae009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T14:10:41Z","timestamp":1711116641000},"page":"448-457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Spatial-temporal distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2001\u20132020: expansion and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Alex de O","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas , Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21040-900, RJ , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1163-2268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro J","family":"Bedoya-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiologia e M\u00e9todos Quantitativos em Sa\u00fade, Escola Nacional de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica S\u00e9rgio Arouca , Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulh\u00f5es, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21041-210, RJ , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael R","family":"Cunha e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas , Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21040-900, RJ , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f4nica de A F M","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica e T\u00e9cnol\u00f3gica em Sa\u00fade , Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilh\u00e3o Haity Moussatch\u00e9, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-900, RJ , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tayana P S O","family":"de S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas , Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21040-900, RJ , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina M G","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Estado de Sa\u00fade do Rio de Janeiro , Rua M\u00e9xico 128 sala 420, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20031-142, RJ , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia S","family":"Meneguete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Estado de Sa\u00fade do Rio de Janeiro , Rua M\u00e9xico 128 sala 420, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20031-142, RJ , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula M P","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Estado de Sa\u00fade do Rio de Janeiro , Rua M\u00e9xico 128 sala 420, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20031-142, RJ , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria In\u00eas F","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas , Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21040-900, RJ , Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica e T\u00e9cnol\u00f3gica em Sa\u00fade , Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilh\u00e3o Haity Moussatch\u00e9, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-900, RJ , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024070511020088300_bib1","article-title":"Plan of action to strengthen the surveillance and control of leishmaniasis in the Americas 2017-2022","author":"Pan American Health Organization"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024070511020088300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000800001","article-title":"Lutzomyia longipalpis and the eco-epidemiology of American visceral leishmaniasis, with particular reference to Brazil: a review","volume":"100","author":"Lainson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024070511020088300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006082","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006082","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis: diagnosis and management of the reservoir among us","volume":"12","author":"Travi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024070511020088300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008001200025","article-title":"Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) and urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"24","author":"RangeL","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publ"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024070511020088300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009567","article-title":"Inequalities of visceral leishmaniasis case-fatality in Brazil: a multilevel modelling considering space, time, individual and contextual factors","volume":"15","author":"Cota","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024070511020088300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761937000300001","article-title":"Leishmaniose visceral americana (Nova entidade m\u00f3rbida do homem na Am\u00e9rica do Sul). 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