{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:22:30Z","timestamp":1789435350127,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005716","name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IR.MUBABOL.HRI.REC.1401.147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.MUBABOL.HRI.REC.1401.147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infections may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Limited evidence suggests Toxocara spp. infection\/exposure could influence AD development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated Toxocara seropositivity and AD in Iranian adults using a matched case\u2013control study. Our sample included 90 AD cases and 91 healthy older adults. Anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We computed the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through univariable and multivariable analyses, adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 33\/90 (36.67% [95% CI 26.75 to 47.48]) anti-Toxocara IgG seropositive individuals identified among the AD cases and 21\/91 (23.07% [95% CI 14.89 to 33.09]) among the healthy controls. In univariable analysis, a significant association was identified between anti-Toxocara IgG seropositivity and AD (OR 1.93 [95% CI 1.01 to 3.69], p&amp;lt;0.001). Moreover, the association remained significant (OR 2.18 [95% CI 1.05 to 4.49], p&amp;lt;0.001) in multivariable analysis after adjustment for covariates. There was no association between anti-Toxocara IgG seropositivity and the severity of AD (OR 0.75 [95% CI 0.21 to 2.61], p=0.47).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings indicated that Toxocara exposure\/infection could be a potential risk factor for development of AD. To better understand a real causality between Toxocara exposure\/infection and AD and related dementias, follow-up designed and adequately powered studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trae039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T08:55:31Z","timestamp":1718873731000},"page":"744-751","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between Alzheimer's disease and <i>Toxocara<\/i> infection\/exposure: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Ali Alizadeh","family":"Khatir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariborz","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research 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