{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T20:54:30Z","timestamp":1775076870112,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to southern India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a case series of five PCR-confirmed patients with KFD who developed oral candidiasis. CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counts were measured using flow cytometry alongside detailed clinical assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All five patients with candidiasis had CD4 counts &amp;lt;300 cells\/\u00b5l, and four had CD8 counts &amp;lt;200 cells\/\u00b5l. None had other known immunosuppressive conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CD4 and CD8 lymphopenia are consistent and clinically relevant features among patients with KFD who developed oral candidiasis, suggesting transient mucosal immune suppression as a potential pathogenic mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traf119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T11:56:44Z","timestamp":1760097404000},"page":"408-410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["T-cell depletion and oral candidiasis in Kyasanur Forest disease: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Nitin","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Department of Infectious Diseases, , Manipal, Karnataka 576104 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pothumarthy Venkata Swathi","family":"Kiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Department of Infectious Diseases, , Manipal, Karnataka 576104 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8022-1086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjely","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Department of Infectious Diseases, , Manipal, Karnataka 576104 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5106-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muralidhar","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Department of Infectious Diseases, , Manipal, Karnataka 576104 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5926-5885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tirlangi Praveen","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Department of Infectious Diseases, , Manipal, Karnataka 576104 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026040114033497200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcaa310","article-title":"Kyasanur forest disease: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"115","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040114033497200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0464","article-title":"Oral candidiasis in acute flaviviral infection","volume":"112","author":"Mohammad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040114033497200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1159\/000516647","article-title":"Defining AKD: the spectrum of AKI, AKD, and CKD","volume":"146","author":"Levey Andrew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026040114033497200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202348","article-title":"Reappraisal of Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia at 30 years","volume":"388","author":"Andrea","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040114033497200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.24248\/eahrj.v5i1.655","article-title":"Use of haematological changes as a predictor of dengue infection among suspected cases at Kairuki Hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: a retrospective cross sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Salvatory","year":"2021","journal-title":"East Afr Health Res J"},{"key":"2026040114033497200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01980","article-title":"Kinetics of CD4+ T Helper and CD8+ Effector T Cell responses in acute dengue patients","volume":"11","author":"Huy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and 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